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Association of Fetuin-A with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Vascular Diseases

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Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Fetuin-A, also known as α2-Heremans–Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG), is a member of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors and has different functions in human physiology and pathophysiology. Most studies suggest a biphasic effect of fetuin-A depending on the stages of atherosclerosis. Serum levels of fetuin-A are decreased in cases of acute inflammation. Therefore, it is known as a negative acute-phase protein. Fetuin-A inhibits insulin signaling and pathological calcification and has emerged as a diabetogenic agent. Fetuin-A levels are also found to be related to visceral obesity and dyslipidemia. Some authors have claimed that fetuin-A has a proatherogenic role, but it is still unclear whether high fetuin-A levels accelerate atherosclerosis except in the case of diabetes mellitus (DM). One of the most important reasons for this uncertainty is the fact that there is a very weak compatibility between fetuin-A measurements performed by two different commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Because the early sign of atherosclerosis is carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), attention has been drawn to the relationship between CIMT and fetuin-A, especially in patients with DM. A number of studies in the literature have demonstrated an inverse correlation between fetuin-A and CIMT in patients who had chronic inflammatory disease but not DM. In addition, there is no association between fetuin-A and CIMT in subjects without known clinical cardiovascular disease. However, it seems that high fetuin-A levels accelerate atherosclerosis in DM and that diabetic patients exhibit a positive correlation between fetuin-A and CIMT.

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Abbreviations

AHSG:

Alpha-2-Heremans–Schmid glycoprotein

AMI:

Acute myocardial infarction

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CIMT:

Carotid intima-media thickness

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

HMGB1:

High-mobility group protein-1

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

PAD:

Peripheral artery disease

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor β

TNF:

Tumor necrotizing factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, 59100, Tekirdağ, Turkey

    Aydın Akyüz

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  1. Aydın Akyüz
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Correspondence to Aydın Akyüz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science & Technology , University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Akyüz, A. (2016). Association of Fetuin-A with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Vascular Diseases. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7678-4_16

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