Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design for the Value of Presence

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design

  • 5402 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter elaborates on design for the value of presence. As digital technologies have made it possible for us to connect to each other at a speed and scale that is unprecedented, presence is acquiring many new stances. The distinctions between being there (in virtual worlds), being here (making the being there available here), and the merging realities of these two are essential to the notion of presence. Understanding the essence of presence is the focus of current presence research to which many disciplines contribute, including computer science, artificial intelligence, artistic research, social science, and neurobiology.

The definition of presence used in this chapter is “steering towards well-being and survival,” and this definition introduces a neurobiological perspective on presence fundamental to the approach on which this chapter focuses. This perspective recognizes the choices and trade-offs involved in presence design. Presence design is a meta-design, which creates the context for human experience to emerge. Presence as a value for design can be a design requirement, a factor of analysis, and a key value in a process of Design for Values.

This chapter discusses a number of analytical and design frameworks for constructing and deconstructing presence design. Acknowledging that presence is a fuzzy concept and that a variety of open issues can be identified, presence as a value for design is fundamental for human beings to accept responsibility in complex environments. Further research will need to address how we, as human beings, change and how our sense of presence changes, as a result of living in a network society with ubiquitous technology and all pervasive media being part of our day-to-day lives.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 699.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Project X started off with a birthday invitation via Facebook and resulted in riots in which thousands of young people participated.

  2. 2.

    With the rise of the network society, since the 1990s, notions of presence, tele-presence, mediated presence, and network participation were explored in many conferences like SIGGRAPH, CHI, Doors of Perception, ISEA, and Presence Conferences of the ISPR. The International Society of Presence research (ISPR) was founded in 2002 as a platform for international exchange.

  3. 3.

    Architect Gullstrom eloquently described 500 years of architecture history as a history of presence research in which elaborate processes of framing in different media format human presence and suggest other people, religious entities or other worlds, are being present here. Perspective and gaze, interaction, and attribution trigger the sense of presence. After analyzing buildings and paintings since the early 1600s, she describes in detail how since the 1970s in Palo Alto, in cybernetic circles, in the work of artists, and in many cultural events technology is used to create new architectures for presence in which other places are made present as “being here.” As a result Gullstrom created an architectural “presence design toolbox” consisting of shared mediated gaze, spatial montage, framing and transparency, lateral and peripheral awareness, active spectatorship, and offscreen space.

  4. 4.

    Personal communication with military staff at Thales office in Delft in 2007.

  5. 5.

    YUTPA is acronym of “to be with You in Unity of Time, Place and Action”.

  6. 6.

    This framework is fundamental to the analyses of human network interaction in the emerging participatory systems design paradigm that is studied and developed at Delft University of Technology (Brazier 2011).

  7. 7.

    Currently the Society for Artistic Research hosts the Research Catalogue in which several journals on artistic research are published and debates are orchestrated.

  8. 8.

    MIT Sloan School of Management, founder of the Society for Organizational Learning.

  9. 9.

    Garrick Jones and Patrick Humphries studied processes of change at the London School of Economics, building upon academic research and business consulting practices.

  10. 10.

    Elinor Ostrom’s design principles for sustainable communities (stable local pool resource management) are:

    1. Clearly defined boundaries (effective exclusion of external unentitled parties)

    2. Rules regarding the appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local conditions

    3. Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decisionmaking process

    4. Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to the appropriators

    5. A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules

    6. Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy access

    7. Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level authorities

    8. In the case of larger common-pool resources, organization in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level

References

  • Azuma R (1997) A survey of augmented reality. Presence 6 4:355–385

    Google Scholar 

  • van Baren J, IJsselsteijn W (2004) Measuring presence: a guide to current measurement approaches. Report for the OmniPres project, funded by the European Community under the Information Society Technologies Programme

    Google Scholar 

  • Baudrillard J (1983) Fatal strategies (trans: Beitchman P, Niesluchowski WGJ). In: Semiotext(e), a history of the present

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxi U (1999) Voices of suffering, fragmented universality, and the future of human rights. In: Weston BH, Marks SP (eds) The future of international human rights. Transnational Publishers, New York, pp 101–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin W (1936) Het kunstwerk in het tijdperk van zijn technische reproduceerbaarheid (trans: Hoeks H). SUN, Nijmegen 1985. Translated from: Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit SuhrkampVerlag, Frankfurt am Main 1974

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggs M, Karlsson H (eds) (2011) The routledge companion to research in the arts. Routledge, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Borgdorff H (2012) Conflict of the faculties, perspectives on artistic research and academia. Leiden University Press, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd D (2014) It’s complicated: the social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press, New Haven

    Google Scholar 

  • Brazier F (2011) Inaugural speech Delft University of Technology, Oct 2012, www.particpatorysystems.org

  • Brazier F, Nevejan C (2014) Framework for participatory systems design. Paper presented at CESUN 2014, Stevens Institute for Technology, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler J (1993) Bodies that matter, on discursive limits of “sex”. Routledge, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells M (1996) The rise of the networked society. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells M (2001) The internet galaxy, reflections on the internet, business and society. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells M (2009) Communication power. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Castells M (2012) Networks of outrage and hope. Social movements in the internet age. Polity Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio A (2000) The feeling of what happens. Body, emotion and the making of consciousness. Vintage, Random House, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Damasio A (2004) Looking for Spinoza, joy, sorrow and the feeling brain. Vintage, Random House, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewey J (1934) Art as experience. Penguin, New York. Perigee Books (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer G (2013) Meta-design: empowering all stakeholder as co-designers. In: Luckin R, Goodyear P, Grabowski B, Puntambeker S, Underwood J, Winters N (eds) Handbook on design in educational computing. Routledge, London, pp 135–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Floridi L (2005) The philosophy of presence: from epistemic failure to successful observation. In: Presence: teleoperators & virtual environments- special section: legal, ethical and policy issues associated with virtual environments and computer mediated reality, vol 15(6). MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 656–667

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens A (1984) The constitution of society, outline of the theory of structuration. Polity Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill SP, Nevejan C (2012) Introduction to special issue witnessed presence. AI Soc J Knowl Cult Commun 27(Special issue Witnessed Presence):6

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman E (1963) Behavior in public places; notes on the social organization of gatherings. The Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gullstrom C (2010) Presence design: mediated spaces extending architecture. PhD dissertation, KTH, Stockholm

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas J (1983) Moral consciousness and communicative action (trans: Lenhardt C, Nicholsen SW) (1990). Introduction by Thomas A. McCarthy. The MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackett E, Amsterdamska O, Lynch ME, Wajcman J (eds) (2007) The handbook of science and technology studies, 3rd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamelink CJ (2000) The ethics of cyberspace. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks/London/New Delhi. Original title: Digitaal Fatsoen. Uitgeverij Boom, Amsterdam 1999

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrix C, Barfield W, Bystrom KE (1999) A conceptual model of the sense of presence in virtual environments. Presence Teleoper Virtual Environ 8(2):241–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Hoven MJ (2005) Design for values and values for design. Information age +. J Aust Comput Soc 7(2):4–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphries P, Jones G (2006) The evolution of group decision support systems to enable collaborative authoring of outcomes. In: World futures: the journal of general evolution, vol 62. Routledge, Oxford, pp 171–192

    Google Scholar 

  • IJsselsteijn WA (2004) Presence in depth. PhD dissertation, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven

    Google Scholar 

  • IJsselsteijn W, Giuseppe R (2003) Being there, the experience of presence in mediated environments. In: Giuseppe R, Fabrizio D, Wijnand I (eds) Being there: concepts, effects and measurement of user experience in synthetic environments. IOS Press, Amsterdam, pp 3–16. Retrieved from http://www.ijsselsteijn.nl. Accessed 30 Nov 2006

  • Ilavarasan PV (2008) Software work in India: a labour process view. In: Upadhya C, Vasavi AR (eds) An outpost of the global economy, work and workers in India’s information technology industry. Routledge, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn TS (2000) In: Conant J, Haugeland J (eds) The road since structure, philosophical essays, 1970–1993, with an autobiographical interview. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour B (2005) On the difficulty of being ANT: an interlude in the form of a dialogue. In: Reassembling the social. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombard M, Jones MT (2007) Identifying the (Tele)Presence literature. PsychNology J 5(2):197–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovink G (2012) Networks without a cause: a critique of social media. Polity Press, Cambridge/Malden

    Google Scholar 

  • Lunenfeld P (2003) The design cluster, preface. In: Laurel B (ed) Design research: methods and perspectives. MIT Press, Cambridge/London, pp 10–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann S, Barfield W (2003) Introduction to mediated reality. Int J Hum-Comput Interact 15:205–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLuhan M (1964) Understanding media: the extensions of man. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mensvoort K, Grievink H-J (2012) Next nature. Actar, Barcelona

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Meulen S (2012) Witnessed presence in the work of Pierre Huyghe. AI Soc J Knowl Cult Commun 27(Special issue on Witnessed Presence):1

    Google Scholar 

  • Negt O, Kluge A (1972) Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung: Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevejan C (2007) Presence and the design of trust. PhD dissertation, University of Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevejan C (2009) Witnessed presence and the YUTPA framework. PsychNology J Ethics Presence Soc Presence Technol 7(1). www.psychnology.org

  • Nevejan C (ed) (2012) Witnessing you, on trust and truth in a networked world, Participatory systems initiative. Delft University of Technology, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevejan C, Brazier F (2010) Witnessed presence in merging realities in healthcare environments. In: Advanced computational intelligence paradigms in healthcare 5. Studies in computational intelligence, 2011, vol 326/2011. Springer, pp 201–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevejan C, Brazier F (2011) Granularity in reciprocity. AI Soc J Knowl Cult Commun 27:1

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevejan C, Gill SP (2012) Special issue on witnessed presence 2012. AI Soc J Knowl Cult Commun 27:1

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak KL, Biocca F (2003) The effect of the agency and anthropomorphism on users’ sense of telepresence, copresence, and social presence in virtual environments. In: Presence: teleoperators and virtual environments, vol 12(5). MIT Press, pp 481–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver K (2001) Witnessing, beyond recognition. University of Minnesota Press, Mineapolis/London

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom E (1990) Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom E (2009) A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science 325:419–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poelman R, Akman O, Lukosch S, Jonker P (2012) As if being there: mediated reality for crime scene investigation. In: CSCW ’12: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on computer supported cooperative work. ACM, New York, pp 1267–1276

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Postman N (1985) Amusing ourselves to death: public discourse in the age of show business. Penguin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Riva G (2008) From virtual body to real body: virtual reality as embodied technology. J Cyber Ther Rehabil 1(1):7–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Riva G, Waterworth JA, Waterworth EL (2004) The layers of presence: a bio–cultural approach to understanding presence in natural and mediated environments. CyberPsychol Behav 7(4):402–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab M, Borgdorff H (eds) (2014) The exposition of artistic research: publishing art in academia. Leiden University Press, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge P, Scharmer CO, Jaworski J, Flowers BS (2004) Presence, exploring profound change in people, organizations and society. Published by arrangement with Society for Organizational Learning

    Google Scholar 

  • Short JA, Williams E, Christie B (1976) The social psychology of telecommunications. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Slater M (2014) Grand challenges in virtual environments. In: Frontiers in Robotics an AI. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/frobt.2014.00003/full. Accessed 23 Aug 2014

  • Spagnoli A, Gamberini L (2004) The sense of being ‘There’: a model for the space of presence. In: Raya MA, Solaz BR (eds) Paper presented at the seventh annual international workshop presence 2004, October 13–15, in Valencia, Spain. In printed collection of papers, Editorial de la Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, pp 48–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Spanlang B, Fröhlich T, Descalzo FF, Antley A, Slater M (2007) The making of a presence experiment: responses to virtual fire. In PRESENCE 2007 – the 10th annual international workshop on presence, Barcelona, 2007

    Google Scholar 

  • Upadhya C (2008) Management of culture and management through culture in the Indian outsourcing industry. In: Carol U, Vasavi AR (eds) In an outpost of the global economy, work and workers in India’s information technology industry. Routledge, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Virilio P (1989) Het Horizon negatief (trans: Mulder A, Riemens P). Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Duizend & Een. Original title: L’Horizon negatif: essai de dromoscopie Galilee 1984, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Weston BH, Marks SP (eds) (1999) The future of international human rights. Transnational Publishers, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiteside AL, Garret Dikkers A (2012) Using the social presence model to maximize interactions in inline environments. In: Amant KS, Kelsey S (eds) Computer-mediated communication across cultures: international interactions in online environments. IGI Global, pp 395–413. http://onlinelearningconsortium.org. Accessed 21 Sept 2014

  • Wiederhold BK (2006) The potential for virtual reality to improve health care. The Virtual Reality Medical Center, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt S (2004) Danger! Metaphors at work in economics, geophysiology and the internet. Sci Technol Hum Values 29(2):242–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zijlmans CJM (2013) Laboratory on the move in retrospect. In: Thissen J, Zwijnenberg R, Zijlmans CJM (eds) Contemporary culture. New directions in art and humanities research. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, pp 175–186

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Caroline Nevejan & Frances Brazier

Authors
  1. Caroline Nevejan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Frances Brazier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Caroline Nevejan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Jeroen van den Hoven

  2. Department of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Pieter E. Vermaas

  3. Department of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Ibo van de Poel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Nevejan, C., Brazier, F. (2015). Design for the Value of Presence . In: van den Hoven, J., Vermaas, P., van de Poel, I. (eds) Handbook of Ethics, Values, and Technological Design. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6970-0_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6970-0_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-007-6969-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-6970-0

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation