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Venom Genomics and Proteomics pp 425–450Cite as

Industrial Production and Quality Control of Snake Antivenoms

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Part of the book series: Toxinology ((TOXI))

Abstract

The production of snake antivenoms involves stages such as production of venom, immunization of animals to generate hyperimmune plasma, immunoglobulin purification, viral inactivation (or removal), and stabilization of the formulation. In order to manufacture products of satisfactory effectiveness and safety, antivenom design must be validated by preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, during the industrial production, the quality of the products and of the entire manufacturing process (including management of clean rooms, production of water for injection, and sterilization or sanitization of the equipment) must be strictly evaluated. This chapter presents a practical description of the stages involved in the design, production, and quality control of snake antivenoms.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

    Guillermo León, Álvaro Segura, Aarón Gómez, Andrés Hernandez, Diego Navarro, Mauren Villalta, Mariángela Vargas, María Herrera & José María Gutiérrez

Authors
  1. Guillermo León
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  2. Álvaro Segura
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  3. Aarón Gómez
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  4. Andrés Hernandez
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  5. Diego Navarro
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  6. Mauren Villalta
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  7. Mariángela Vargas
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  8. María Herrera
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  9. José María Gutiérrez
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guillermo León .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    P. Gopalakrishnakone

  2. Structural and Functional Venomics Lab, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (CSIC), Valencia, Spain

    Juan J. Calvete

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León, G. et al. (2016). Industrial Production and Quality Control of Snake Antivenoms. In: Gopalakrishnakone, P., Calvete, J. (eds) Venom Genomics and Proteomics. Toxinology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6416-3_24

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