Skip to main content

GMOs: Non-health Issues

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Book cover Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baier, A. (1986). Trust and antitrust. Ethics, 96, 231–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benbrook, C. (2012). Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the U.S. – The first sixteen years. Environmental Sciences Europe, 24(1), 24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biddle, J. (2014). Can patents prohibit research? On the social epistemology of patenting and licensing in science. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 45, 14–23. doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2013.12.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruton, S. (2014). GMO food labeling. In P. Thompson & D. Kaplan (Eds.), Encyclopedia of food and agricultural ethics (pp. 1135–1140). Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J. (2010). Peer-reviewed surveys indicate positive impact of commercialized GM crops. Nature Biotechnology, 28(4), 319–321. doi:10.1038/nbt0410-319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cressey, D. (2015). Bee studies stir up pesticide debate. Nature, 520, 416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daston, L., & Galison, P. (2007). Objectivity. Brooklyn: Zone Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devlin, R. H., D’Andrade, M., Mitchell, U., & Biagi, C. A. (2004). Population effects of growth hormone transgenic Coho Salmon depend on food availability and genotype by environment interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(25), 9303–9308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas, H. (2012). Weighing complex evidence in a democratic society. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 22(2), 139–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finger, R., El Benni, N., Kaphengst, T., Evans, C., Hebert, S., Lehman, B., Morse, S., & Stupak, N. (2011). A meta analysis on farm-level costs and benefits of GM crops. Sustainability, 3, 743–762. doi:10.3390/su3050743.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Food & Water Watch, and Organic Farmers’ Agency. (2014). Organic farmers pay the price for GMO contamination. Issue Brief March 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Food biotechnology: A communicator’s guide to improving understanding. (2013). International Food Information Council Foundation. Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuglie, K., & Toole, A. (2014). The evolving institutional structure of public and private agricultural research. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96(3), 862–883. doi:10.1093/ajae/aat107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gassmann, A. J., Petzold-Maxwell, J. L., Clifton, E. H., Dunbar, M. W., Hoffmann, A. M., Ingber, D. A., & Keweshan, R. S. (2014). Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins in Transgenic Maize. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(14), 5141–5146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glenna, L., Tooker, J., Welsh, R., & Ervin, D. (2015). Intellectual property, scientific independence, and the efficacy and environmental impacts of genetically engineered crops. Rural Sociology, 80(2), 147–172. doi:10.1111/ruso.12062.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goulson, D. (2013). Review: An overview of the environmental risks posed by neonicotinoid insecticides. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50(4), 977–987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, S. L., Kesoju, S. R., Martin, R. C., & Kramer, M. (2015). Occurrence of transgenic feral alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa L.) in alfalfa seed production areas in the United States. PLoS One, 10(12), e0143296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurian-Sherman, D. (2009). Failure to yield: Evaluating the performance of genetically engineered crops. Union of Concerned Scientists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, D. (2015). Epistemological depth in a GM crops controversy. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.02.002.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, C. (2012). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2012. Brief 44. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janis, M., & Kesan, J. (2002). Intellectual property protection for plant innovation: Unresolved issues after J.E.M. V. Pioneer. Nature Biotechnology, 20, 1161–1164. doi:10.1038/nbt1102-1161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, O. A., Köllhofer, D., Ehrich, T. H., & Jefferson, R. A. (2015). The ownership question of plant gene and genome intellectual properties. Nature Biotechnology, 33(11), 1138–1143. doi:10.1038/nbt.3393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimbrell, A., & Mendelson J. (2012). Monsanto vs. US farmers: 2012 update. Center for Food Safety.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klümper, W., & Qaim, M. (2014). A meta-analysis of the impacts of genetically modified crops. PLoS One, 9(11), e111629. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Losey, J. E., Rayor, L. S., & Carter, M. E. (1999). Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae. Nature, 399(6733), 214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma, M. (2012). Anticipating and reducing the unfairness of Monsanto’s inadvertent infringement lawsuits: A proposal to import copyright law’s notice-and-takedown regime into the seed patent context. California Law Review, 100(3), 691–720. doi:10.15779/Z380Q52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marco, A., & Rausser, G. C. (2008). The role of patent rights in mergers: Consolidation in plant biotechnology. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 90(1), 133–151. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01046.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markley, B. (2012). GAIN report: Argentina: Oilseeds and products annual 2012. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monsanto’s Commitment: Farmers and Patents. (2015). Monsanto Company. http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/pages/commitment-farmers-patents.aspx. Accessed 16 Nov.

  • Mulvaney, D. (2014). Transgenic crops. In P. Thompson & D. Kaplan (Eds.), Encyclopedia of food and agricultural ethics, (pp. 1767–1774). Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordgard, L., Gronsberg, I. M., & Myhr, A. I. (2014). GM food, nutrition, safety, and health. In P. Thompson & D. Kaplan (Eds.), Encyclopedia of food and agricultural ethics (pp. 1127–1135). Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleasants, J. M., & Oberhauser, K. S. (2013). Milkweed loss in agricultural fields because of herbicide use: Effect on the monarch butterfly population. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 6(2), 135–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pray, C., & Fuglie, K. (2015). Agricultural research by the private sector. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 7, 399–424. doi:10.1146/annurev-resource-100814-125115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quist, D., & Chapela, I. H. (2001). Transgenic DNA introgressed into traditional maize landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico. Nature, 414(6863), 541–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rack, J.. (2015). Genetically modified Salmon: Coming to a River near you? The Salt, 24 June 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Research with Commercially Available Seed Products. (2009). American Seed Trade Association, 17 Sept. http://www.amseed.org/pdfs/issues/biotech/research-commercially-available-seed-products.pdf

  • Rieben, S., Kalinina, O., Schmid, B., & Zeller, S. L. (2011). Gene flow in genetically modified wheat. PLoS One, 6(12), e29730. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sappington, T. W., Ostlie, K. R., DiFonzo, C., Hibbard, B. E., Krupke, C. H., Porter, P., Pueppke, S., Shields, E. J., & Tollefson, J. J. (2010). Conducting public-sector research on commercialized transgenic seed: In search of a paradigm that works. GM Crops, 1(2), 1–4. doi:10.4161/gmcr.1.2.10833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheman, N. (2011). Epistemology resuscitated: Objectivity as trustworthiness. In Shifting ground: Knowledge and reality, transgression and trustworthiness (pp. 207–232). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Scheman, N., Catherine, J., & Susan, G. (2011). The trustworthiness of research: The paradigm of community-based research. In Shifting ground: Knowledge and reality, transgression and trustworthiness (pp. 149–169). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sears, M. K., Hellmich, R. L., Stanley-Horn, D. E., Oberhauser, K. S., Pleasants, J. M., Mattila, H. R., Siegfried, B. D., & Dively, G. P. (2001). Impact of Bt corn pollen on monarch butterfly populations: A risk assessment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(21), 11937–11942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shields, E. (2009). Comment Submitted by E. Shields, et al. Posted to US EPA electronic docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0835 as a public comment. Unsigned but attributed to 24 leading corn insect scientists working at public research institutions located in 17 corn producing states, 19 Feb. http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0835-0017

  • Stegenga, J. (2011). Is meta-analysis the platinum standard of evidence? Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 42(4), 497–507. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2011.07.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2015). FDA takes several actions involving genetically engineered plants and animals for food. FDA News Release. 19 Nov 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfenbarger, L. L., & Phifer, P. R. (2000). The ecological risks and benefits of genetically engineered plants. Science, 290(5499), 2088–2093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel J. Hicks .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Hicks, D.J., Millstein, R.L. (2016). GMOs: Non-health Issues. In: Thompson, P., Kaplan, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_545-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_545-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-6167-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities

Publish with us

Policies and ethics