Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
SpringerLink
Log in

Commercial Polymer Blends

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Polymer Blends Handbook

Abstract

In this chapter, an overview of the commercially important polymer blends is presented with a particular emphasis on the rationale for their commercial development, the compatibilization principles, their key mechanical properties, and their current applications and markets. To facilitate the discussion, the commercial polymer blends have been classified as follows into 13 major groups depending on the type of the resin family they are based on.

  1. (i)

    Polyolefin blends

  2. (ii)

    Styrenic blends

  3. (iii)

    Vinyl resin blends

  4. (iv)

    Acrylic blends

  5. (v)

    Elastomeric blends

  6. (vi)

    Polyamide blends

  7. (vii)

    Polycarbonate blends

  8. (viii)

    Poly(oxymethylene) blends

  9. (ix)

    Polyphenyleneether blends

  10. (x)

    Thermoplastic polyester blends

  11. (xi)

    Specialty polymer blends

  12. (xii)

    Thermoset blend systems

  13. (xiii)

    Biodegradable polymer blends

Within each major category, the individual polymer blends of industrial significance have been described with relevant data. Since the discussion is limited only to those blends that are actually produced and used on a commercial scale, the relevant cost and performance factors that contribute to the commercial viability and success of various types of blends have been outlined.

In comparing the different blends, the specific advantages of each type, as well as any potential overlap in performance with other types of blends have also been discussed. The fundamental advantage of polymer blends, viz., their ability to combine cost-effectively the unique features individual resins, is particularly illustrated in the discussion of crystalline/amorphous polymer blends such as the polyamide and the polyester blends. Key to the success of many commercial blends, however, is the selection of intrinsically complementing systems or the development of effective compatibilization methods. The use of reactive compatibilization techniques in commercial polymer blends has also been illustrated under the appropriate sections such as the polyamide blends.

In many commercial blends, rubber toughening plays an important and integral part of the blend design. Combining high impact strength with other useful properties such as heat and solvent resistance can significantly enhance the commercial value of a blend. Hence, the nature of the impact modifiers used and the role of morphology on properties have been discussed under the appropriate cases of commercial blends. The chapter concludes with an outline of the potential trends in the commercial polymer development.

M.K. Akkapeddi: retired

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,399.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • R.K. Adams, G.K. Hoeschele, in Thermoplastic Elastomers, ed. by N.R. Legge, G. Holden, H.E. Schroeder (Hanser, Münich, 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, B. VanBuskirk, A.C. Brown, PCT Int. Appl., W088/08433, 3 Nov 1988, Appl. 24 Aug 1987; U.S. Patent 5,162,440, 10 Nov 1992, Appl. 24 Apr 1987, to AlliedSignal Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, J.A. Gervasi, U.S. Patent 4,826,955, 2 May 1989, Appl. 21 Jan 1988 to AlliedSignal Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K, Akkapeddi, J.C. Haylock, J.A. Gervasi, U.S. Patent 4,847,322, 11 July 1989, Appl. 22 Oct 1987 to AlliedSignal Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, C.D. Mason, PCT Int. Appl., WO91/15545, 17 Oct 1991, Appl. 26 Feb 1991 to AlliedSignal Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, T.J. Kraft, B. VanBuskirk, U.S. Patent 5,115,018, 19 May 1992 to AlliedSignal Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, B. VanBuskirk, Adv. Polym. Technol. 11(4), 263 (1992); Polym. Prepr. 33(2), 602 (1992); Proceedings of the Polymer Processing Society, 9th Annual Meeting, Manchester, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, B. VanBuskirk, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 67, 317 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, C.D. Mason, B. VanBuskirk, Polym. Prepr. 34(2), 848 (1993a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, B. VanBuskirk, J.H. Glans, in Advances in Polymer Blends and Alloys Technology, ed. by K. Finlayson, vol. 4 (Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, 1993b)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, B. VanBuskirk, T. Kraft, U.S. Patent 4,902,749, 20 Feb 1990, Appl. 24 Aug 1987; U.S. Patent 5,1115,018, 9 May 1992, Appl. 24 Aug 1987; U.S. Patent 5,210,134, 11 May 1993, Appl. 24 Aug 1987, to AlliedSignal Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Akkapeddi, Rubber toughening of polyamides by reactive blending, Chap. 8, in Reactive Polymer Blending, ed. by W. Baker, C. Scott, G.H. Hu (Hanser, Munich, 2001), pp. 207–253

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi, B. VanBuskirk, P. Gallantly, Unpublished results

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi et al., U.S. Pat. 6,410,156; U.S. Pat. 6,423,776 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi et al., ANTEC’03 SPE Conference Tech. Papers 61, 3845 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.K. Akkapeddi et al., E.P. Socci, T.J. Kraft, U.S. Pat. 6,756,444 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Product Literature on Vistanex® Polyisobutylene, Exxon Chem. Co. (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Mod. Plast. 60(2), 12 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Product Literature on Trefsin® Thermoplastic Elastomer, Exxon Chem., Co. (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Selar® PA 3426 Product Literature, DuPont Co. (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Preliminary Product Literature on Blendex® HPP PPO® Modifier resins, General Electric Co. (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Preliminary Literature on Capron® AB, AlliedSignal (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Mod. Plast. 70(1), 83 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Technical information-Plastics modification, Engage® Polyolefin elastomers, Dow Chem. Co. (2006a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Styrolux® Styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBC)- mechanical and optical properties, BASF chem. brochure (2006b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous, Plast. Technol., April 2012, p.13

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Aonuma, T. Suzuki, I. Isomura, K. Nishimura, U.S. Patent 4,996,264, issued 26 Feb 1991 to Nippon Zeon

    Google Scholar 

  • B.C. Arkles, U.S. Patent 4,500,688, 19 Feb 1985, Appl. 20 Apr 1982, to Petrarch Systems

    Google Scholar 

  • K.E. Atkins, in Polymer Blends, ed. by D.R. Paul, S. Newman, vol. 2 (Academic, New York, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • K.E. Atkins, in Sheet Molding Compounds: Science and Technology, ed. by H.G. Kia (Hanser, NewYork, 1993), Chap. 4

    Google Scholar 

  • K.E. Atkins, in Plastic Additives, an A-Z Reference, ed. by G. Pritchard (Chapman Hall, NewYork, 1998), p. 442

    Google Scholar 

  • D.F. Aycock, S.P. Ting, U.S. Patent 4,600,741, 15 July 1986, Appl. 27 Sept 1984, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Baer, U.S. Patent 4,707,513, 17 Nov 1987, Appl. 11 Mar 1986, to Monsanto Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Bastioli, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 59, 263 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Bernstein, C.A. Crua, D.R. Paul, J.W. Barlow, Macromolecules 10, 681–686 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Bernstein, C.A. Cruz, D.R. Paul, J.W. Barlow, Macromolecules 10, 681 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Bertillson, B. Franzen, J. Kubat, Plast. Rubber Process. Appl. 10, 137 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.D. Bertolucci, D.E. Delaney, SPE Tech. Pap 29, 23 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Binsack, T. Goldman, Ger. Patent 3,336,499, 25 Apr 1985, App. 7 Oct 1983, to Bayer A. G.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Biron, O. Marichal, Thermoplastics and Thermoplastic Composites, 2nd edn. (Elsevier, Oxford, U.K.) p. 31 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Boldebuck, U.S. Patent 3,063,872, 13 Nov 1962; App. 15 Feb 1960, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • R.J.M. Borggreve, R.J. Gaymans, A.R. Luther, Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 16, 195 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.J.M. Borggreve, R.J. Gaymans, Polym. Commun. 30, 71 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.S. Brookman, Overview of blends and alloys for flexible PVc, in PVC Blends, Alloys and Graft Polymers Conference Proceedings (Atlanta, GA, 10th–12th Oct. 1898), p. 7–18

    Google Scholar 

  • A.L. Brody, E.R. Strupinsky, L.R. Kline, Oxygen scavenger systems, in Active Packaging for Food Applications (Technomic Publishing, Pennsylvania, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.B. Brown, D. McFay, J.B. Yates, G.F. Lee, U.S. Patent 4,978,715, 18 Dec 1990, Appl. 15 Aug 1988, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • S.B. Brown, J.R. Campbell, T.J. Shea, U.S. Patent 5,039,742, 13 Aug 1991, Appl. 30 Oct 1989, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • C.B. Bucknall, Toughened Plastics (Applied Science Publishers, London, 1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.B. Bucknall, D. Clayton, W.E. Keast, J. Mater. Sci. 7, 1443 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.B. Bucknall, I.K. Partridge, M.V. Ward, J. Mater. Sci. 19, 2064 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K. Burg, H. Chedron, F. Kloos, H. Schlaf, Eur. Patent App. 156,285, 2 Oct 1985, Appl. 19 March 1985; U.S. Patent 5,047,470, 10 Sept 1991, Appl. 20 May 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • L.R. Burke, J.M. Newcombe, Plast. Eng., April 1982, p. 35

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Bussink, J. DeMunck, C. Van Abeleen, U.S. Patent 4,122,131, 24 Oct 1978; App. 11 Sept 1977, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • P.J. Cahill, S.Y. Chen, U.S. Patent 6,083,585, 4 July 2000 to B. P. Amoco Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Campbell, S.Y. Hobbs, T.J. Shea, V.H. Watkins, Polym. Eng. Sci. 30, 1056 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Carew, R. Deisler, in Proceedings of the Compalloy ‘89 (Schotland Business Research, Princeton, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.O. Carhart, in Engineering Thermoplastics, ed. by J.M. Margolis (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ceresana Brochure, Market Study: Polypropylene, 2nd edn (2012), http://www.ceresana.com/en/market-studies/plastics/polypropylene

  • H.S. Chao, R.E. Colborn, J.R. Presley, J.M. Whalen, M.J. Davis, J.E. Tracy, E.F. Chu, U.S. Patent 5,213,886, 25 May 1993, Appl. 17 Feb 1989, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Chen, R. Porter, Polym. Eng. Sci. 32, 1870 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Chen, Q. Sun, J. Drbohlav, Int. Patent. Appl. Pub. WO 2009/032560, 12 March 2009, to Invista Technologies.

    Google Scholar 

  • C.I. Chung, Extrusion of Polymers: Theory and Practice (Hanser, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.C. Chung, M.K. Akkapeddi, Polym. Prepr. 34(1), 614 (1993)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J.Y. Chung, D. Neuray, M. Witman, U.S. Patent 4,554,314, 19 Nov 1985, Appl. 14 Nov 1984, to Mobay Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • E.P. Cizek, U.S. Patent 3,383,435, 14 May 1968, Appl. 6 Jan 1965, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • A.Y. Coran, in Thermoplastic Elastomers, ed. by N.R. Legge, G. Holden, H.E. Schroeder (Hanser, Münich, 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • A.Y. Coran, R. Patel, Rubber Chem. Technol. 53, 781 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.Y. Coran, R. Patel, U.S. Patent 4,355,139, 29 Oct 1982, Appl. 22 June 1981, to Monsanto Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • A.Y. Coran, R. Patel, Rubber Chem. Technol. 56, 1045 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.Y. Coran, B. Das, R. Patel, U.S. Patent 4,130,535, 19 Dec 1978, Appl. 30 Apr 1978 to Monsanto Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.J. Cyr, H. Clauberg, M.E. Stewart, S.N. Falling, M.E. Rogers, U.S. Patent 6,455,620 24 Sept 2002 to Eastman Chemical Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Dagli, K. Kamdar, Polym. Eng. Sci. 34, 709 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. D’orazio, R. Greco, C. Mancarella, E. Martucelli, G. Ragosta, C. Silvester, Polym. Eng. Sci. 22, 536 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • K.C. Dao, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 27, 4799 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K.C. Dao, Polymer 25, 1527 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M.E.J. Dekkers, S.Y. Hobbs, I. Bruker, V.H. Watkins, Polym. Eng. Sci. 30, 1628 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. DeNicola, K. Okamoto, M. Van Cleuvenbergen, Proceed. Compalloy Europe, 95 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. DeNicola, Hivalloy Resin technology: reactor produced polyolefin alloys, in 2nd Annual North America Symposium on “Recent Advances in Polymer Blends Alloys, Hilton Head, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Deveaux, P. Goddard, J.P. Mercier, J. Polym. Sci. Poly. Phys. Ed. 20, 1881 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • E.J. Deyrup, U.S. Patent 4,352,904, 5 Oct 1982, Appl. 5 Jan 1979 to DuPont Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • E.J. Deyrup, U.S. Patent 4,753,980, 28 June 1988, Appl. 14 Nov 1986, to DuPont Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Dobkowski, Polymer 25, 110 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • V. Dobrescu, V. Cobzaru, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 64, 27 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Doescher, H. Jadamus, U.S. Patent 4,760,115, 26 July 1988, Appl. 30 March 1987, to Hüls A. G.

    Google Scholar 

  • C.P. Donbe, D.J. Walsh, Polymer 20, 1115 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Dotson, G. Niznik, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia (McGraw Hill, New York, 1991), p. 175

    Google Scholar 

  • R.S. Drake, A.R. Siebert, SAMPE Q 6, p. 1 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.S. Drake, D.R. Egan, W.T. Murphy, ACS Symp. Ser. 221, 1 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E.A. Eastman, M.D. Dadmun, Polymer 43, 6707–6717 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Echte, Rubber Toughened Plastics (ACS Monograph, Washington, DC, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Eguiburu, J.J. Iruin, M.J. Fernandez-Berridi, J. Roman, Polymer 39, 6891 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T.S. Ellis, Polym. Eng. Sci. 30, 998 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B.N. Epstein, U.S. Patent 4,174,358, 13 Nov 1979, App. 11 Apr 1977, to DuPont Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Equiazabal, M. Cortazar, J. Irwin, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 42, 489 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Escala, R.S. Stein, Adv. Chem. Ser. 176, 455 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T.R. Evans, D.D. Mosier, Plast. Eng. 17 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.B. Farnham, T. Goldman, U.S. Patent 4,096,202, 20 June 1978, Appl. 9 June 1976, to Rohm and Haas Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Y. Feng, A. Schmidt, R.A. Weiss, Macromolecules 29, 3909 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E.A. Flexman, D.D. Huang, H.L. Snyder, Polym. Prepr. 31(2), 189 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • E.A. Flexman, U.S. Patent 4,804,716, 24 Feb 1989; App. 21 July 1987, to DuPont Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • G.R. Forger, Mater. Eng. 85, 44 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • G.R. Forger, Plast. World 40, 28 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Freitag, V. Grigo, P.R. Muller, W. Nouvertne, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, ed. by H.F. Mark, N. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, G. Menges, vol. 11 (Wiley, New York, 1985), p. 706

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Freitag, G. Fengler, L. Morbitzer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 30, 1598 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Fried, F.E. Karasz, W.J. McKnight, Macromolecules 11, 150 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K. Friedrich, Crazing in polymers, in Advances in Polymer Science, ed. by H.H. Kausch, vol. 52/53 (Springer, Berlin, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.S. Fry, C.N. Merriam, W.H. Boyd, in Applied Polymer Science, ed. by R.W. Tess, G.W. Poehlain, ACS Symp. Ser. 285, 1141 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Gabrielle, Plast. Technol., 59 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Galli, J.C. Haylock, E. Albizzati, A.J. DeNicola, High Performance Polyolefins (IUPAC, Akron, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Galli, J.C. Haylock, Prog. Polym. Sci. 16, 443 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.R. Gallucci, M.A. Sanner, P. Sybert, SPE-ANTEC Tech. Conf., 2508 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.R. Gallucci, A. Sanner, A. May, SPE ANTEC Tech. Conf., 1278 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.R. Gallucci, M.A. Sanner, SPE ANTEC Tech. Conf., 2741 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Z.G. Gardlund, in Polymer Blends and Composites in Multiphase Systems, ed. by C.D. Han, Adv. Chem. Ser., 206 (ACS, Washington, DC, 1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Gelles, M. Modic, J. Kirkpatrick, SPE Tech. Pap. 34, 513 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Girard, Eng. Plast. 3, 51 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.H. Glans, M.K. Akkapeddi, Macromolecules 24, 383 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P. Goddard, J.M. Dekoninck, V. Pevlesaver, J. Deveaux, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 24, 3315 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • T.S. Grabowski, U.S. Patent 3,130,177, 21 Apr 1964 to Borg-Warner Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • T.S. Grant, C.L. Meyers, U.S. Patent 4,496,690, 29 Jan 1985, Appl. 3 June 1983, to Borg-Warner Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • T.S. Grant, R.L. Jalbert, D. Whalen, U.S. Patent 4,732,935, 22 March 1988; App. 6 Dec 1985, to Borg-Warner

    Google Scholar 

  • B. F. Greek, C & EN, June 10, 39 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.F. Haartman, C.L. Eddy, G.P. Koo, SPE. J. 26(5), 62 (1970a)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.F. Haartman, C.L. Eddy, G.P. Koo, Rubber World 163, 59 (1970b)

    Google Scholar 

  • W.A. Haile, M.E. Tincher, F.W. Williams, Tappi INJ Summer 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • W.J. Hall, A.C.S. Div. Org. Coat. Plast. Prepr., 47, 298 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.F. Hammer, Macromolecules 4, 69 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B.D. Hanrahan, S.R. Angeli, J. Runt, Polym. Bull. 14, 399 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. Hassan, B. Haworth, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 172, 341 (2006)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.S. Hay, Polym. Eng. Sci. 16, 1 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.S. Hay, U.S. Patent 3,306,874, 18 Feb 1967, Appl. 24 July 1962, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • A.S. Hay, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 6335 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.R. Hazelton, R.C. Puydak, U.S. Patent 4,639,487, 27 Jan 1987, Appl. 11 July 1984, to Exxon Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • P.L. Heater, G.A. Elliott, U.S. Patent App.Pub. US2007/0082157, 12 Apr 2007 to M&G U.S.A.

    Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Hecht, T.M. Ford, SPE Tech. Pap. 31, 777 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.J. Hemphill et al., Expanding the product portfolio of ethylene elastomers – ENGAGE™ polyolefin elastomers for large volume TPO applications, in Proceedings of the SPE-Automotive TPO Global Conference, October 10–12, 2005, Sterling Heights, MI, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Hirakawa, M. Haraguchi, M. Yasinawa, Rep. Progr. Polym. Phys. Jpn. 28, 171 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.Y. Hobbs, R.C. Bopp, V.H. Watkins, Polym. Eng. Sci. 23, 380 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S.Y. Hobbs, M.E.J. Dekkers, V.H. Watkins, Polym. Bull. 17, 341 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S.Y. Hobbs, T. Stanley, O. Phansteil, Polym. Prepr. 33(2), 614 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C.J. Hooley, D.R. Moore, M. Whale, Plast. Rubber Process Appl. 345, 1 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • D.J. Hourston, S. Lane, H.S. Zhang, Polymer 32, 2215 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.V. Howe, M.D.J. Wolkowicz, Polym. Eng. Sci. 27, 1582 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Z. Huang, L. Wang, Makromol. Rapid Commun. 7, 255 (1986)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K.S. Hyun, C.G. Gogos, M.H. Kim, Extrusion technology for manufacturing polymer blends, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, vol. 2 (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Ide, A. Hasegawa, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 18, 963 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, vol. 2, Chap. 5, ed. by A.I. Isayev (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2011), pp. 207–259

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Imre, B. Pukanskzy, Eur. Polym. J. (2013; Article in press @ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.01.019)

  • S.H. Jafaria, P. Potschkea, M. Stephana, H. Warth, H. Alberts, Polymer 43, 6985 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Iida, K. Kometani, M. Yanagi, U.S. Patent 4,284,540, 18 Aug 1981; App. 16 Apr 1980, to Toray Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Jager, E.J. Vorenkamp, G. Challa, Polym. Commun. 24, 290 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.L. Jalbert, T.S. Grant, U.S. Patent 4,654,405, 31 March 1987; App. 5 Dec 1985, to Borg-Warner Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • B.Z. Jang, D.R. Uhlman, J. VanderSande, Polym. Eng. Sci. 25, 643 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.A. Jones, Macromolecules 18, 902 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G. Kailasam, R. Gallucci, M.A. Sanner, U.S. Patent App., 2009/0018242, 15 Jan 2009 to G.E.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.K. Kalfouglou, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 118, 19 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.P. Kambour, R.C. Bopp, A. Maconnachie, W.J. McKnight, Polymer 21, 133 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P.J. Kay, T. Ouhadi, J. Elastom. Plast. 23, 282 (1991)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J.D. Keitz, J.W. Barlow, D.R. Paul, J. App. Polym. Sci. 29, 3131 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W.N. Kim, C.M. Burns, Polym. Eng. Sci. 28, 1115 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W.N. Kim, C.M. Burns, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. 28, 1409 (1990)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.J. Kinloch, R.J. Young, Fracture Behavior of Polymers (Applied Science Publishers, New York, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Kircher, Kunststoffe 80, 1113 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Kirkpatrick, M. Modic, D. Gilmore, in Proceedings of the Compalloy ‘89 (Schotland Business Research, Princeton, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Knoll, N. Niesner, Macromol. Symp. 132, 231 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.M. Kossoff, “Future of Plastics Alloys” – III, international strategic plastics reports (R. M. Kossoff Associates, New York, 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • G.P. Kozielski, Plast. Technol., 73 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.M. Krause, Compatible polymers, Chap. VI, in Polymer Handbook, ed. by J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut (Wiley, New York, 1989), p. 347

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Krause, Macromol. J. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. C-7, 251 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.J. Kray, R.J. Bellet, U.S. Patent 3,388,186, 11 June 1968, Appl. 2 March 1965, to Allied Chemical Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • E.N. Kresge, in Polymer Blends, ed. by D.R. Paul, S. Newman, vol. 2 (Academic, New York, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • T.D. Krizan, J.C. Coburn, P.S. Blatz, Polym. Prepr. 30, 9 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P.L. Ku, Adv. Polym. Technol. 8(3), 201 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Kusumgar, U.S. Patent 4,713,414, 15 Dec 1987, Appl. 16 July 1986, to Celanese Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Landers, J. Schmitt, J. Terenzi, U.S. Patent 3,354,238, 21 Nov 1967, Appl. 20 Dec 1966, to American Cyanamid Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Lavengood, F.M. Silver, SPE RETEC ‘87, 266 (1987a)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Lavengood, F.M. Silver, SPE Tech. Pap. 33, 1369 (1987b)

    Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Lavengood, A.F. Harris, A.R. Padwa, Europ. Patent Appl. 202,214, 20 Nov 1986, Appl. 9 May 1986, to Monsanto Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • R.E. Lavengood, R. Patel, A.R. Padwa, U.S. Patent 4,777,211, 11 Oct 1988; App. 9 July 1986, to Monsanto Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • G.F. Lee Jr., U.S. Patent 4,972,021, 20 Nov 1990, Appl. 14 Sept 1988, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Y.C. Lee, Q. Trementozzi, U.S. Patent 4,305,869, 15 Dec 1981; App. 17 Dec 1979, to Monsanto Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Legras, C. Bailley, M. Daumerie, J. Dekoninck, J. Mercier, V. Zichy, E. Nield, Polymer 25, 835 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H.M. Li, A.H. Wong, MMI Press Symposium Series, vol. 2 (Harwood Academic, New York, 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Liu, D. Overton, U.S. Patent 4,532,282, July 1985, Appl. 16 March 1983, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • W.L. Liu, Ger. Patent 3,728,685, 10 March 1988, Appl. 27 Aug 1987, to Rohm and Haas Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Z. Liu, S. Mehta, X. Huang, D.A. Schiraldi, U.S. Patent 7,919,159, 5 Apr 2011 to Invista.

    Google Scholar 

  • G.L. Loomis, R.J. Statz, U.S. Patent 4,613,533, Sept 1986, App. July 1982, to DuPont Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • W.A. Mack, Mod. Plast. 48(8), 62 (1971)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I. Manas-Zloczower (ed.), Mixing and Compounding of Polymers (Hanser, Munich, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.D. Mason, H.W. Tuller, U.S. Patent 4,404,325, 13 Sept 1983, Appl. 11 May 1981 to AlliedSignal Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Matsuo, Jpn. Plast. 2, 6 (1968)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Matsuo, C. Nozaki, Y. Jyo, Polym. Eng. Sci. 9, 197 (1969)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L.V. McAdams, J. Gamon, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, ed. by H.F. Mark, N. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, G. Menges, vol. 6 (Wiley, New York, 1985), p. 363

    Google Scholar 

  • D.C. McConnell, G.M. McNally, W.R. Murphy, Dev. Chem. Eng. Miner. Process. 12, 37 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • S.M. McDougle, SPE Tech. Pap. 13, 596 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • F.J. McGarry, A.M. Willner, Research Report RJ-68-8 (School of Eng., M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • G.A. Mellinger, H.F. Giles Jr., F. Holub, W.R. Schlich, U.S. Patent 4,548,997, 22 Oct 1985, App. 22 May 1984, to General Electric Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Mijovic, H.L. Luo, C.D. Han, Polym. Eng. Sci. 22, 234 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R.N. Mohn, D.R. Paul, J.W. Barlow, C.A. Cruz, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 23, 575 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I. Mondragon, M. Gartelumindi, J. Nazabal, Polym. Eng. Sci. 28, 1126 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • B.W. Moody, SPE Tech. Pap. 50, 1416 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Morbitzer, H.J. Kress, C. Lindner, K.H. Ott, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 132 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  • L.E. Murch, U.S. Patent 3,845,163, 29 Oct 1974; App. 24 Jan 1966, to DuPont Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Murff, J.W. Barlow, D.R. Paul, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 29, 3231 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C.V. Murphy, SPE Tech. Pap. 31, 73 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Naitove, Conference report: bioplastics are breaking out of their green niche, Plastics Technology, Apr 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • Y. Nakamura, R. Hasegawa, H. Kubota, U.S. Patent 3,864,428, 4 Feb 1975, App. 27 Aug 1973, to Teijin Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • T.R. Nassar, D.R. Paul, J.W. Barlow, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 23, 85 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D. Neuray, K.H. Ott, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 98, 123 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nexant/Chemsystems online news article “PET suffering from over supply” (2007), www.chemsystems.com

  • Nexant/Chemsystems, “Nylon 6 and Nylon 66” PERP07/08S6 Report Abstract (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nexant/Chemsystems Online news article on ‘Polyolefins (2012)’, www.chemsystems.com

  • Y. Ohtsuka, EP 0658603 A2, 21 June 1995 to Daicel Chemical Industries

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Okamoto, K. Yasue, T. Marutani, Y. Fukushima, U.S. Patent 4804707, 14 Feb 1989 to Unitika Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • A.O. Ogah, J.L. Afikuwa, Int. J. Eng. Manag. Sci. 3(2), 85 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Ozen, G. Bozoklu, C. Dalgicdir, Y. Orcun, E. Unsal, M. Cakmak, Y. Menceloglu, Eur. Polym. J. 46, 226 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.J. Perron, Adv. Polym. Technol. 6, 79 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.J. Perron, U.S. Patent 4,782,114, 1 Nov 1988, Appl. 3 Oct 1986, to Dexter Corp.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Pittenger, G. Cohan, Mod. Plast. 25(1), 81 (1947a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Pittenger, G. Cohan, Rubber Age 61, 563 (1947b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.P. Plochocki, Polyolefin blends, Chap. 21, in Polymer Blends, ed. by D.R. Paul, S. Newman, vol. 2 (Academic Press, New York, 1978), p. 223

    Google Scholar 

  • R.S. Porter, L.H. Wang, Polymer 33, 2019 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • V. Prattipati, Y. Hu, S. Bandi, S. Mehta, D.A. Schiraldi, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 99, 225 (2006)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C.F. Pratt, S.Y. Hobbs, Polymer 17, 12 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W.M. Priest, R.S. Porter, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 10, 1639 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Ramsteiner, W. Heckmann, Polym. Commun. 26, 199 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G.G. Ranby, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 51, 89 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G.S. Rellick, J. Runt, Proc. ACS PSME 52, 331 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reseau-plasturgie netzworke kunsoffetechnologie Conference- Bayer presentation on “Plastics industry and its role on our society”, Fribourg, Apr 2012

    Google Scholar 

  • C.K. Riew, E.H. Rowe, A.R. Siefert, ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. 154, 326 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M.R. Rifi, H.K. Fieker, D.A. Walker, Mod Plast. 62(2), 62 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • L.M. Robeson, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 30, 4081 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L.M. Robeson, U.S. Patent 4,532,288, 30 July 1985; App. 29 Jan 1982, to Union Carbide Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • L.M. Robeson, Miscible polymer blends containing poly (vinyl chloride), In PVC Blends, Alloys and Graft Polymers Conference Proceedings (Atlanta, GA; October 10–12, 1989), p. 134

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Roodvoets, F. Embs, U.S. Patent App.Pub. US2012/02114935, 23 Aug 2012, to Invista, N. A.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Runt, D. Lei, L.M. Martynowicz, D.M. Brezny, M. Mayo, Macromolecules 22, 3908 (1989)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K. Saito, High Polym. Jpn. 22, 463 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H. Sakano, M. Kodama, T. Shoji, I. Yoshida, U.S. Patent 4,228,051, 14 Oct 1980, Appl. 31 July 1979 to Sumitomo Chem., Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Salay, D.J. Dougherty, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia (McGraw Hill, New York, 1992), p. 94

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Saltman, B. Varnell, SPE Tech. Pap. 34, 1725 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Saltman, U.S. Patent 5,091,478, 25 Feb 1992; App. 21 May 1990, to DuPont Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • M.A. Sanner, R.R. Gallucci, SPE ANTEC Tech. Conf., 2684 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • L.R. Schmidt, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 23, 2463 (1979)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W. Schuett, E. McKee, A. Hilt, H. Gorissen, G. Heinz, Ger. Patent 3,441,547, 15 May 1986, App. 14 Nov 1984, to BASF Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • A.R. Schulz, B.M. Gendron, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 16, 461 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • H.H. Schut, Plast. Technol. 39(3), 29 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.H. Schut, Plast. Technol. 38(7), 31 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.H. Schut, Plast. World, 41 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Shanks, I. Kong, Thermoplastic starch, Chap.6, in Thermoplastic Elastomers, ed. by A. El-Sonbati (2012), http://www.intechopen.com/books/thermoplasticelastomers/thermoplastic-starch

  • M.T. Shaw, Polym. Eng. Sci. 22, 115 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Sherman, Plast. Technol., 17 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.K. Shih, in Proceedings of the Compalloy (Schotland Business Research, Princeton, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Y.J. Shur, B.G. Ranby, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 20, 3721 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • W.A. Smith, J.W. Barlow, D.R. Paul, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 26, 4223 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • L.R. Spencer, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia (McGraw Hill, New York, 1991), p. 128

    Google Scholar 

  • W.M. Speri, G.R. Patrick, Polym. Eng. Sci. 15, 668 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SRI, Report on Compounding of Engineering Thermoplastics (SRI International, Menlo Park, 1992a)

    Google Scholar 

  • SRI, Report on World Petrochemicals (SRI International, Menlo Park, 1992b)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Srinivasan, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia (McGraw Hill, New York, 1992), p. 103

    Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Steinkamp, U.S. Patent 3,953,655, 27 Apr 1976; App. 9 Apr 1971, to Exxon Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Suarez, J.W. Barlow, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 29, 3253 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Subramanian, U.S. Patent 4,444,817, 24 Apr 1984, App. 29 Sept 1982, to DuPont. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Subramanian, Polym. Eng. Sci. 25, 483 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Takayanagi, T. Ogata, M. Morikawa, T. Kai, J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. B17, 591 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Takeda, D.R. Paul, Polymer 33, 3899 (1992)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J.M. Tibbitt, P.J. Cahill, G.E. Rotter, D.P. Sinclair, G.T. Brooks, R.T. Behrend, U.S. Patent 7,214,415, 8 May 2007 to B. P. Corporation North America Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • T.D. Traugott, in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, ed. by H.F. Mark, N. Bikales, C.G. Overberger, G. Menges, vol. 16, 2nd edn. (Wiley, New York, 1985), p. 83

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Tremblay, R.E. Prud’homme, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. 22, 1857 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K. Ueno, T. Maruyama, U.S. Patent 4,315,086, 9 Feb 1982, App. 16 July 1980, to Sumitomo Chemical Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • L.A. Utracki, Commercial Polymer Blends (Chapman and Hall, London, 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • D.W. VanKrevelen, Properties of Polymers, 3rd edn. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • I. Vrooman, L. Tighzert, Materials 2, 307 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • D.C. Wahrmund, D.R. Paul, J.W. Barlow, J. Polym. Sci. 22, 2155 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J.G. Wallace, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia (McGraw Hill, New York, 1992), p. 100

    Google Scholar 

  • T.T. Wang, T. Nashi, Macromolecules 10, 421–425 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.G. Walsh, J.G. McKeown, Polymer, 21, 1220, 1335 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.J. Walsh, G.L. Cheng, Polymer 25, 495 (1984)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L.B. Weaver et al., Novel ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymers-polyproylene blends for thermoforming, blow molding and extruded profiles, in Proceedings of SPE Polyolefins 2006, Houston, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Wambach, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia (McGraw Hill, New York, 1992), p. 95

    Google Scholar 

  • G.A. Weber, J. Schoeps, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 136, 45 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C.A. Weber, W. Paige, U.S. Patent 4,624,986, 25 Nov 1986, Appl. 7 Aug 1984, to Dow Chemical Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • N.E. Weeks, F.E. Karasz, W.J. McKnight, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 4068 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W. Wenig, T. Schoeller, Angew. Makromol. Chem. 130, 155 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D.M. White, J.E. Hallgreen, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. 21, 2921 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D. White, R. Matthews, U.S. Patent 4,141,927 (1979) to G.E.

    Google Scholar 

  • V. Wigotsky, Plast. Eng., 15 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • M.W. Witman, Eur. Patent Appl. (05) 0036127, 23 Sept 1981, Appl. 4 March 1981 to Mobay Chemical Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Wood, A. Tanaka, M. Zheng, D. Garcia, 70% PVDF coatings for highly weatherable architectural coatings. Atofina Chem. Tech. Paper (2005) www.arkema-inc.com/pdf/techpoly/kurtpaper.pdf

  • S. Wu, in Polymer Handbook, Chap. VI, 3rd edn, ed. by J. Brandrup, E.H. Immergut (Wiley, New York, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Wu, Polymer 26, 1855 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • S. Wu, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 35, 549 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.F. Yee, Polym. Eng. Sci. 17, 213 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A.F. Yee, Proceedings of the International Conference on Toughening of Plastics – II, London (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • P.-L. Yeh, A.W. Bisley, Plast. Rubber Process. Appl. 5, 249 (1985)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G.A. Zakrzewski, Polymer 14, 347 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • M.P. Zamora, T. Miller, Plast. Eng., 75 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Wang, D. Shen, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. 41, 23 (2002)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Zimmerman, E.M. Pearce, I.K. Miller, J.A. Muzzio, I.G. Epstein, E.A. Hosegood, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 17, 849 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. York, PA, 17408, USA

    M. K. Akkapeddi

Authors
  1. M. K. Akkapeddi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. K. Akkapeddi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Boucherville, Québec, Canada

    Leszek A. Utracki

  2. Department of Chemistry and Fire Retardant Research Facility, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Charles A. Wilkie

Notations and Abbreviations

ABS

Acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene polymer

AES

Acrylonitrile-co-ethylene/propylene-co-styrene polymer

ASA

Acrylonitrile-co-styrene-co-acrylate polymer

BMC

Bulk molding compound

BMI

Bismaleimide

DMA

Dynamic mechanical analyzer

DSC

Differential scanning calorimeter

DTUL

Distortion temperature under load

EPDM

Ethylene-co-propylene-co-diene terpolymer rubber

EPR

Ethylene propylene copolymer rubber

EVA

Ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer

EVOH

Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer

HDPE

High density polyethylene

HDT

Heat distortion temperature

HIPS

High impact polystyrene

IPN

Interpenetrating network

LCP

Liquid crystal polyester

LCST

Lower critical solution temperature

LDPE

Low density polyethylene

LLDPE

Linear low density polyethylene

MBS

Methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene terpolymer rubber

Mt

Million metric tons

NBR

Acrylonitrile-co-butadiene rubber

PA

Polyamide

PBAT

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)

PBD

Polybutadiene

PBS

Poly(butylene succinate)

PBT

Poly(butylene terephthalate)

PC

Polycarbonate

PCL

Polycaprolactone

PCTG

Poly (cyclohexane dimethanol-co-ethylene glycol terephthalate)

PEI

Polyetherimide

PET

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

PHB

Poly(hydroxybutyric acid)

PLA

Poly(lactic acid)

PMMA

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

POE

Polyolefin elastomer

POM

Polyoxymethylene

PP

Polypropylene

PPA

Polyphthalamide

PPE

Poly(phenylene ether)

PPS

Poly(phenylene sulfide)

PPSU

Poly(phenyl sulfone)

PSU

Polysulfone

PVC

Poly(vinyl chloride)

SAN

Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer

SBC

Styrene-butadiene block copolymer

SBR

Styrene-butadiene rubber

SEBS

Styrene-ethylene/butane-styrene block copolymer

SMA

Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer

SMMA

Styrene-co-methyl methacrylate polymer

TPE

Thermoplastic elastomer

TPO

Thermoplastic polyolefin

TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane

TPV

Thermoplastic vulcanizate

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Akkapeddi, M.K. (2014). Commercial Polymer Blends. In: Utracki, L., Wilkie, C. (eds) Polymer Blends Handbook. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6064-6_22

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation