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Aquatic Biomarkers

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology

Synonyms

Biological marker

Definition

A biomarker is defined as a measurable and/or observable change in a biological or biochemical response, ranging from the molecular to the physiological level and including behavioral changes. Responses of biomarkers indicate either exposure or toxic effects of environmental stressors and must be ecologically relevant.

Biomarkers are considered as early warning systems involved in ecosystem quality assessment. They can be used to assess chemical exposure and adverse effects of pollutants on biota in situ. They are measured at an individual level but their responses are meant to be predictive of effects at the population level.

Historical Background

The concept of biomarkers was set for the first time in 1987 by the US National Research Council (NRC) and defined as “xenobiotically-induced variations in cellular or biochemical components or processes, structures or functions that are measurable in a biological system or sample” (NRC 1987). This...

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Zona pellucida synthesized by and surrounding the oocyte

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France

    Carole Cossu-Leguille & Paule Vasseur

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  1. Carole Cossu-Leguille
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  2. Paule Vasseur
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  1. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, Metz, France

    Jean-François Férard

  2. Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Christian Blaise

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Cossu-Leguille, C., Vasseur, P. (2013). Aquatic Biomarkers. In: Férard, JF., Blaise, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5704-2_6

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