Abstract
This chapter focuses on galaxy clusters, tackling three aspects. Firstly, we look at clusters as laboratories, where we can study galaxy evolution and the interaction of galaxies with their environment. By measuring the properties of galaxies in clusters as a function of redshift, we can build a statistical history of galaxy formation and test this against theoretical models. Secondly, we look at the diffuse intra-cluster medium (ICM) that pervades galaxy clusters. This plasma makes accounts for the vast majority of baryons in the cluster. X-ray emission from the plasma can be used to measure the gravitational potential and to trace the thermal history of the universe. Finally, we look at clusters as probes of cosmology and their role in complementing the cosmic microwave background in constraining cosmological parameters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Balogh, M. L., Baldry, I. K., Nichol, R., Miller, C., Bower, R., & Glazebrook, K. 2004, ApJ, 615, L101
Balogh, M. L., et al. 2011, MNRAS, 412, 2303
Bamford, S. P., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 393, 1324
Binney, J., & Tabor, G., 1995, MNRAS, 276, 663
Bîrzan, L., Rafferty, D. A., McNamara, B. R., Wise, M. W., & Nulsen, P. E. J. 2004, ApJ, 607, 800
Bond, J. R., Cole, S., Efstathiou, G., & Kaiser, N. 1991, ApJ, 379, 440
Bower, R. G., Benson, A. J., Malbon, R., Helly, J. C., Frenk, C. S., Baugh, C. M., Cole, S., & Lacey, C. G. 2006, MNRAS, 370, 645
Boylan-Kolchin, M., Ma, C.-P., & Quataert, E. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 93
Bradac, M., Lombardi, M., & Schneider, P. 2004, A&A, 424, 13
Brinchmann, J., Charlot, S., White, S. D. M., Tremonti, C., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T., & Brinkmann, J. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 1151
Butcher, H., & Oemler, A., Jr. 1984, ApJ, 285, 426
Chandrasekhar, S. 1943, ApJ, 97, 255
Churazov, E., Brüggen, M., Kaiser, C. R., Böhringer, H., & Forman, W., 2001, ApJ, 554, 261
Couch, W. J., & Sharples, R. M. 1987, MNRAS, 229, 423
Covington, M., Dekel, A., Cox, T. J., Jonsson, P., & Primack, J. R. 2008, MNRAS, 384, 94
De Lucia, G., et al. 2004, ApJ, 610, L77
Dekel, A., & Birnboim, Y. 2006, MNRAS, 368, 2
Dressler, A. 1980, ApJ, 236, 351
Dressler, A., et al. 1997, ApJ, 490, 577
Edge, A. C. 2001, MNRAS, 328, 762
Ettori, S., Morandi, A., Tozzi, P., Balestra, I., Borgani, S., Rosati, P., Lovisari, L., & Terenziani, F. 2009, A&A, 501, 61
Fabian, A. C. 1994, ARA&A, 32, 277
Fabian, A. C., Sanders, J. S., Taylor, G. B., Allen, S. W., Crawford, C. S., Johnstone, R. M., & Iwasawa, K. 2006, MNRAS, 366, 417
Geach, J. E., Smail, I., Moran, S. M., Treu, T., & Ellis, R. S. 2009, ApJ, 691, 783
Gladders, M. D., & Yee, H. K. C. 2000, AJ, 120, 2148
Gonzalez, A. H., Zabludoff, A. I., & Zaritsky, D. 2005, ApJ, 618, 195
Gunn, J. E., & Gott, J. R., III 1972, ApJ, 176, 1
Haines, C. P., et al. 2009, ApJ, 704, 126
Hammer, D., et al. 2010, ApJS, 191, 143
Holden, B. P., et al. 2005, ApJ, 620, L83
Jorgensen, I., Franx, M., & Kjaergaard, P. 1996, MNRAS, 280, 167
Kaiser, N., & Squires, G. 1993, ApJ, 404, 441
Kennicutt, R. C., Jr. 1998, ARA&A, 36, 189
Komatsu, E., et al. 2011, ApJS, 192, 18
Leccardi, A., & Molendi, S., 2008, A&A, 487, 461
Lintott, C.J., Schawinski, K., Slosar, A., Land, K., Bamford, S., Thomas, D., Raddick, M.J., Nichol, R.C., Szalay, A., Andreescu, D., Murray, P., & Vandenberg, J. 2008, Galaxy Zoo: morphologies derived from visual inspection of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389, 1179–1189.
Mahdavi, A., Hoekstra, H., Babul, A., & Henry, J. P. 2008, MNRAS, 384, 1567
Maier, C., et al. 2009, ApJ, 694, 1099
McCarthy, I. G., Frenk, C. S., Font, A. S., Lacey, C. G., Bower, R. G., Mitchell, N. L., Balogh, M. L., & Theuns, T. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 593
McCarthy, I. G., Schaye, J., Bower, R. G., Ponman, T. J., Booth, C. M., Vecchia, C. D., & Springel, V. 2011, MNRAS, 412, 1965
McGee, S. L., & Balogh, M. L. 2010, MNRAS, 403, L79
McGee, S. L., Balogh, M. L., Bower, R. G., Font, A. S., & McCarthy, I. G., 2009, MNRAS, 400, 937
McNamara, B. R., Nulsen, P. E. J., Wise, M. W., Rafferty, D. A., Carilli, C., Sarazin, C. L., & Blanton, E. L. 2005, Nature, 433, 45
Moore, B., Katz, N., Lake, G., Dressler, A., & Oemler, A. 1996, Nature, 379, 613
Nelan, J. E., Smith, R. J., Hudson, M. J., Wegner, G. A., Lucey, J. R., Moore, S. A. W., Quinney, S. J., & Suntzeff, N. B. 2005, ApJ, 632, 137
Peacock, J. A. 1999, in Cosmological Physics, ed. J. A. Peacock (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press), 704. ISBN 052141072X
Peng, Y.-j., et al. 2010, ApJ, 721, 193
Peres, C. B., Fabian, A. C., Edge, A. C., Allen, S. W., Johnstone, R. M., & White, D. A. 1998, MNRAS, 298, 416
Peterson, J. R., Kahn, S. M., Paerels, F. B. S., Kaastra, J. S., Tamura, T., Bleeker, J. A. M., Ferrigno, C., & Jernigan, J. G. 2003, ApJ, 590, 207
Ponman, T. J., Cannon, D. B., & Navarro, J. F. 1999, Nature, 397, 135
Pratt, G. W., et al. 2010, A&A, 511, A85
Press, W. H., & Schechter, P. 1974, ApJ, 187, 425
Quilis, V., Bower, R. G., & Balogh, M. L. 2001, MNRAS, 328, 1091
Reed, D. S., Bower, R., Frenk, C. S., Jenkins, A., & Theuns, T. 2007, MNRAS, 374, 2
Richstone, D. O. 1975, ApJ, 200, 535
Saintonge, A., Tran, K.-V. H., & Holden, B. P. 2008, ApJ, 685, L113
Sanderson, A. J. R., Ponman, T. J., & O’Sullivan, E. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 1496
Sarazin, C. L. 1988, X-ray Emissions from Clusters of Galaxies, Cambridge Astrophysics Series (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
Simard, L., et al. 2002, ApJS, 142, 1
Stott, J. P., Smail, I., Edge, A. C., Ebeling, H., Smith, G. P., Kneib, J.-P., & Pimbblet, K. A. 2007, ApJ, 661, 95
Sutherland, R. S., & Dopita, M. A. 1995, ApJ, 439, 381
Verde, L., & Matarrese, S. 2009, ApJ, 706, L91
Vikhlinin, A., Kravtsov, A., Forman, W., Jones, C., Markevitch, M., Murray, S. S., & Van Speybroeck, L. 2006, ApJ, 640, 691
Vikhlinin, A., et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, 1060
White, S. D. M., & Frenk, C. S. 1991, ApJ, 379, 52
Wiersma, R. P. C., Schaye, J., & Smith, B. D. 2009, MNRAS, 393, 99
Worthey, G. 1994, ApJS, 95, 107
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this entry
Cite this entry
Bower, R. (2013). Clusters of Galaxies. In: Oswalt, T.D., Keel, W.C. (eds) Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5609-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5609-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5608-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5609-0
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics