Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring of Wetlands

Abstract

This section introduces ecohydrological conceptual models as a repository for knowledge about the combined ecological and hydrological functioning of a wetland and then provides a starting point (or initial framework) for the development of such a model. An ecohydrological conceptual model only needs to include critical elements and mechanisms, in only as much detail as is necessary, of the ecohydrological functioning of the wetland. The model must be recorded, for continuity of knowledge, through maps, diagrams, narrative description, and key data, such as water levels and vegetation surveys. The ecohydrological conceptual model should be continually tested against new data and information and revised and refined as necessary. Also introduced are hydro-environmental supporting conditions (HSCs), defined in terms of, for example, water levels, flow, or water chemistry, that are required to support wetland plant communities. A suite of techniques for ecohydrological investigation and characterization of wetlands are described. These include desk study, walkover surveys and site investigation and monitoring of wetland substrate, water levels, vegetation classification systems, and water chemistry. The results of HSCs can be used to develop and refine the ecohydrological conceptual model.