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Prevention Strategies and Basics

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Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives

Abstract

Prevention has the potential to be effective in changing substance use and related behaviors such as delinquency, violence, and sexual behavior. Interventions that achieve this do not solely inform people about the dangers of drugs but also focus on the key determinants of successful socialization, now confirmed by neuropsychological research: social norms and control, executive and social skills, as well as impulse control. Thus, universal prevention addresses the population at large and targets the development of skills and values, norm perception, and interaction with peers and social life; selective prevention addresses the vulnerable groups where substance use is often concentrated and focuses on improving their opportunities in difficult living and social conditions; and indicated prevention addresses vulnerable individuals and helps them to deal and cope with the individual personality traits that make them more vulnerable to escalating drug use. While these prevention types predominantly use persuasion, prevention can complementarily and effectively change human behavior by modifying its social, physical, and economic context. Environmental prevention uses these means to subtly alter social cues and norms and their perception. Effective examples range from intervening at society level through market regulations of alcohol and tobacco, changing the physical environment of party settings, to more rule setting and monitoring within families. The challenge for drug prevention lies therefore in helping people to adjust their behavior, capacities, and well-being in fields of multiple influences – such as social norms, interaction with peers, living conditions, and their own personality traits – in order to reduce risk behaviors related to substances.

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  1. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal

    Gregor Burkhart & Roland Simon

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  1. Gregor Burkhart
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  2. Roland Simon
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Correspondence to Gregor Burkhart .

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, Alberta Gambling Research Institute University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Nady el-Guebaly

  2. Faculty of Brain Sciences UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Giuseppe Carrà

  3. Division of Alcoholism & Drug Abuse, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Marc Galanter

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Burkhart, G., Simon, R. (2015). Prevention Strategies and Basics. In: el-Guebaly, N., Carrà, G., Galanter, M. (eds) Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_8

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