Skip to main content

Normal Fundus

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 231 Accesses

Abstract

Normal fundus is the orange-yellow visible part of the retina. It comprises the optic disc, vascular arcades, macula, and ora serrata. Optic disc is a 1.5 mm diameter area marking the location of exit of retinal nerve fibers. Area centralis is the central part of the retina which includes fovea centralis, parafovea, and perifovea. Peripheral retina is the area beyond the macula, divided as near, mid, and far periphery. Structures seen include the equator, short and long ciliary nerves, ampullae of vortex veins, and the ora serrata.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   799.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Suggested Reading

  • Bowling B, FRCSEd(Ophth), FRCOphth, FRANZCO. Kanski’s clinical ophthalmology. 8th ed. Elsevier: Canada; 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khurana AK, Khurana I. Anatomy and physiology of eye. 3rd ed. CBS publishers and Distributors: New Delhi; 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan SJ, MD, Schachat AP, MD, Wilkinson CP, MD, Hinton DR, MD, Sadda SR, MD Wiedemann P, MD. Retina. 5th ed. Elsevier: Canada; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanoff M, Duker JS, . Ophthalmology. 4th ed. Elsevier: Canada; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sameeksha Tadepalli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature India Private Limited

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Tadepalli, S., Agarwal, A., Dogra, M., Gupta, V. (2020). Normal Fundus. In: Gupta, V., Nguyen, Q., LeHoang, P., Agarwal, A. (eds) The Uveitis Atlas. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2410-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2410-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi

  • Print ISBN: 978-81-322-2409-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-81-322-2410-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics