Abstract
Silane-based fluidized-bed technology is used to produce polysilicon for solar cells by decomposing silane onto silicon particles suspended in a heated stream of silane and hydrogen. Silane-based fluidized-bed reactors potentially provide a lower cost method to produce polysilicon than the current Siemens reactors that dominate the silicon market. Production of silicon in a fluidized bed requires 80–90% less electrical energy than the currently favored Siemens process and converts a batch process into a more economical continuous process. The spherical granular silicon product from fluidized-bed reactors is preferred to the polysilicon rods produced by the Siemens process for downstream processing. Production of silicon by fluidized beds has been carried on for over 20 years, but the simpler Siemens process has dominated polysilicon production because of the high purity of its polysilicon product and the availability of low-cost electricity. The economics of the silane-based fluidized-bed technology has improved significantly due to advances in reactor design, process modeling, and operational experience. Fluidized-bed technology is the leading candidate to eventually provide less expensive polysilicon for solar cells.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
R.H. Allen, U.S. Patent 4,748,052, 1988
J. Baeyens, D. Geldart, Chem. Eng. Sci. 29, 255–265 (1974)
S. Balaji, J. Du, C.M. White, E. Ydstie, Powder Technol. 199, 23 (2010)
J. Bernreuter, FBR Polysilicon Technology – Promise or Hype? (PV-Tech, 2014.) www.pv-tech.org/guest-blog/fbr_polysilicon_technology_promise_or_hype. Accessed 2 March 2017
J. Bernreuter, Cut-throat Competition on the Polysiicon Market (World News, 2016.) https://eresearch.fidelity.com/eresearch/markets_sectors/news/story.jhtml?storyid=201611240400PR_NEWS_USPR_____enUK201611224068&provider=PR_NEWS_&product=USPR____&category=sectorNews&gic=453010. Accessed 3 March 2017
L. Bertrand, C.M Olsen, U.S. Patent 3,012,862, 1961
S. Bhusarapu, P. Gupta, Y. Huang, U.S. Patents 9,114,996, 2015 and 9,114,997, 2015
W.C. Breneman, U.S. Patent 4,676,967, 1987
W.C. Breneman, U.S. Patent 9,352,971, 2016
L. Cadoret, N. Reuge, S. Pannala, M. Syamlal, C. Coufort, B. Caussat, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 8919 (2007)
B. Caussat, M. Hemati, J.P. Couderc, Chem. Eng. Sci. 50, 3625 (1995)
K.H. Chung and J.C. Sturm, https://pdfs.Semanticscholar.org/2ff4/3f7680437746363 fap 33038725145 eee607 pdf, 2007
D.W. Clary, A.O. Wikman, U.S. Patent 5,260,538, 1993
W.O. Filtvedt, Production of Polysilicon from Silane Pyrolysis in a Fluidized bed, thesis, Telemark University College, 2013. Available from https://teora.hit.no/handle/2282/1453
W.O. Filtvedt, M. Javidi, A. Holt, M.C. Melaaen, E. Marstein, H. Tathgar, P.A. Ramachandran, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94, 1890 (2010)
W.O. Filtvedt, A. Holt, P.A. Ramachandran, M.C. Melaaen, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 107, 188 (2012)
W.O. Filtvedt, T. Mongstad, A. Holt, M. Melaaen, H. Klette, Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 11(1) (2013)
R. Fu, T.L. James, M. Woodhouse, IEEE J Photovoltaics 5, 515 (2015)
M.F Gautreaux, R.H. Allen, U.S. Patent 4,784,840, 1988
D. Geldart, Characterization of fluidized powders, in Gas Fluidization Technology, ed. by D. Geldart (Wiley, Chichester, 1986)
H. Gutschel, U.S. Patent 3,042,494, 1962
A.V. Hariharan, M. Chandra, K.P. Gupta, U.S. Patent 7,175,685, 2007
J.R. Howard, Fluidized Bed Technology: Principles and Applications (Adam Hilger, Bristol/New York, 1989), p. 30, p. 202
G. Hsu, R. Hogle, N. Rohtagi, A. Morrison, J. Electrochem. Soc. 131, 660 (1984)
G. Hsu, N. Rohatgi, J. Houseman, AICHE J. 33(5), 784 (1987)
N.W. Hwang, J. Cryst. Growth 205, 59 (1999)
IHS, Technology: Fluidized Bed Reactor Technology Stakes its claim in solar Polysilicon Manufacturing. http://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/design-supply-chain-media/fluidized-bed-reactor-technology-stakes-its-claim-solar-poly, 2014
S.K. Iya, U.S. Patent 4,684,513, 1987
S.K. Iya, U.S. Patent 4,818,496, 1989
L. Jianlong, C. Guanghui, Z. Pan, W. Weiwen, D. Jihai, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 19, 747 (2011)
D.K. Kerner, R.W. Davis, E.F. Moore, S.H. Ehrman, J. Cryst. Growth 247, 333 (2003)
H.Y. Kim, K.K. Yoon, Y.K. Park, W.C. Choi, U.S. Patent 7,771,687, 2010
T. Kimura, T. Kojima, Journal de Physique IV Colloque, 1991, 02 (C2), pp. C2-103–C2-110
M.S. Kulkarni, P. Gupta, B. Devulapalli, J. Ibrahim, V. Revankar, K. Foli, U.S. Patent 8,404,206, 2013
D. Kunii, O. Levenspiel, Fluidization Engineering, 2nd edn. (Butterworth-Heinemann, Newton, 1991), p. 35, p. 52, and p. 78
S. Lai, M.P. Dudukovic, P.A. Ramachandran, Chem. Eng. Sci. 41, 633 (1986)
D. R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 89th edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2008), pp. 12–217
B. Mazumder, Silicon and Its Compounds (Science Publishers, Plymouth, 2000), p. 7
R.I Newman, W.E. Watson, U.S. Patent 3,370,938, 1968
E.W. Osborne, M.V Spangler, L.C. Allen, R.J Geertsen, P.E. Ege, W.J. Stupin, G. Zeininger, U.S. Patent 8,075,692, 2011
S. Pannala, M. Syamlal, T. O’brien, Computational Gas-Solid Flows and Reacting Systems (Engineering Science Reference, Hersey, New York, 2010)
J.M. Parker, Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 9(A40) (2011)
J. Pina, V. Bacala, N.S. Schbib, P. Ege, H. Ignacio, I. Lasa, Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 4, A9 (2006)
REC, https://www.recsilicon.com/products/solar-grade-polysilicon. (2017)
N. Reuge, L. Cadoret, B. Caussat, Chem. Eng. J. 148, 509 (2009)
V. Revankar, S. Lohoti, U.S. Patent 8,657,958, 2014
F.L. Riley, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 245 (2000)
C. Roselund, The slow grind of FBR polysilicon, (pv magazine, 2015). www.http:/www.bernreuter.com/fileadmin/user_upload/library/Slow-grind-of-FBR-polysilicon-pv-magazine-9-2015.pdf. Accessed 2 Mar 2017
SEMI, http://ams.semi.org/ebusiness/standards/semistandard.aspx?volumeid=12, (see methods SEMI PV49-0613 2013 and SEMI PV 17–1012, 2012)
M.V. Spangler, M.J. Miller, U.S. Patent 9,404,177, 2016
M.V Spangler, Glen Stucki, U.S. Patent 8,926,929, 2015
R. Steemann, J. Yong, O. Mjos, A. Song, Energy Procedia 15, 20 (2012)
R.D. Toomy, Chem. Eng. Process. 48, 220 (1952)
Wacker., https://www.wacker.com/cms/media/documents/investor-relations/cmd16/cmd16_polysilicon.pdf. 2016
S.P. Walch, C.E. Dateo, J. Phys. Chem. 105, 2015 (2001)
D. Weidhaus, I. Crossmann, F. Schreieder, U.S. Patent Application 2005/0135986, 2005
G.M. Wyller, T.J. Preston, H. Klette, O. Nordseth, T.T. Mongstad, W.O. Filtvedt, E.S. Marstein, Energy Procedia 92, 904 (2016)
Yang (ed.), Handbook of Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems (CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2003), p. 261
G. Zhang, F. Quyang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process. Des. Dev. 24, 430 (1985)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Jiang, L., Fieselmann, B.F., Chen, L., Mixon, D. (2019). Fluidized Bed Process with Silane. In: Yang, D. (eds) Handbook of Photovoltaic Silicon. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56472-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56472-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-56471-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-56472-1
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics