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Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung pp 1–28Cite as

Demenzerkrankungen – Prävalenz, Bedeutung und Implikationen für die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung

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Part of the book series: Springer Reference Pflege – Therapie – Gesundheit ((SRPTG))

Zusammenfassung

Epidemiologischer Hauptrisikofaktor eines Demenzsyndroms ist das Alter. Die Ursachen der Demenzen sind sehr heterogen und reichen von vermeidbaren zu behandelbaren Erkrankungen bis zu neurodegenerativen Demenzformen, deren Manifestation durch eine Reihe behandelbarer Faktoren zu beeinflussen ist. Die wichtigste Demenzursache in der westlichen Welt ist die sog. Alzheimer-Krankheit mit charakteristischen Eiweißablagerungen im Gehirn (Plaques und Neurofibrillen). Die mit Abstand häufigste Demenzform ist die gemischte Demenz mit einer Kombination von Alzheimer- und vaskulären Hirnveränderungen. Für Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung kommt den folgenden bekannten Risikofaktoren in der Europäischen Union eine hohe Bedeutung zu: Depression, Bewegungsmangel, Adipositas, Hypertonus, Diabetes mellitus und Nikotinismus. Daneben gibt es eine Reihe von Faktoren, deren Bedeutung erst in den letzten Jahren untersucht wurde, z. B. Lebensereignisse, Beruf, Umweltverschmutzung, Wahrnehmungsstörungen, Einsamkeit, Zahnhygiene, Schlaf u. v. a. Häufig übersehen werden potenzielle Demenzursachen, die im Vorfeld zu behandeln oder ganz zu vermeiden sind wie Infektionen und Schädel-Hirn-Verletzungen.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wegen der besseren Lesbarkeit werden zur Beschreibung eines veränderten Risikos im Folgenden nicht die „Relativen Risiken (RR)“ oder „Risikoquotienten (Hazard Ratios, HR)“, sondern vereinfacht die Abweichung in Prozent (%) gegenüber Kontrollgruppen angegeben, die den Risikofaktor nicht aufweisen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland

    Hans Förstl

  2. Abteilung Neurologie Harlaching, Klinikum München, München, Deutschland

    Sophia Förstl

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Correspondence to Hans Förstl .

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  1. Dortmund, Germany

    Michael Tiemann

  2. Leichlingen, Germany

    Melvin Mohokum

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© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

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Förstl, H., Förstl, S. (2020). Demenzerkrankungen – Prävalenz, Bedeutung und Implikationen für die Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. In: Tiemann, M., Mohokum, M. (eds) Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Springer Reference Pflege – Therapie – Gesundheit . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55793-8_58-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55793-8_58-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-55793-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-55793-8

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