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Zentrale Regulation des Körpergewichtes

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Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie

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Zusammenfassung

In den letzten vier Jahrzehnten konnte man eine dramatische Zunahme der Adipositasrate beobachten. Die Betrachtung von Energiebilanz und Regulation des Körpergewichtes rückt daher zunehmend in den Fokus eines pädiatrischen Endokrinologen. Das Körpergewicht wird durch zahlreiche äußere und innere Einflussfaktoren sowie periphere und zentrale, meist redundante Regelmechanismen bestimmt. Neben dem individuellen genetischen Hintergrund und dem aktuellen Wandel von soziokulturellen Faktoren und Lifestyle sind Veränderungen der appetitregulierenden Peptide und Regulationsstrukturen im zentralen Nervensystem wichtige Faktoren für Störungen des Energiegleichgewichtes. Obwohl die Regulation des Körpergewichtes erstaunlich präzise erfolgt, kann es bei längerfristiger Störung der Balance der Energiezufuhr zu Über- oder Untergewicht kommen. Eine Veränderung der Homöostase des Energiestoffwechsels kann sowohl durch eine veränderte Nahrungsaufnahme als durch einen veränderten Energieverbrauch verursacht werden, der vom Grundumsatz, der Wärmeproduktion, die je nach Ernährungszustand variiert, der Muskelarbeit und dem Wachstum abhängt. Diese komplexen Regelmechanismen haben sich in der Evolution über einen langen Zeitraum entwickelt, um gegen den Hungertod zu schützen. Durch den modernen Lebensstil kehrt sich der evolutionäre Vorteil in ein höheres Risiko einer adipositasbedingten erhöhten kardiovaskulären Mortalität („thrifty gene hypothesis“) um. In diesem Kapitel werden zunächst Regulatoren des Körpergewichtes aus der Peripherie vorgestellt, deren Effekte über die zentralen Regelstrukturen der Energiehomöostase insbesondere des Hypothalamus und Hirnstamms vermittelt werden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Vereinigte Staaten

    Christian Roth

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  1. Christian Roth
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Correspondence to Christian Roth .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

    Olaf Hiort

  2. Abteilung für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Diabetologie, Endokrinologie und Klinische Forschung, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus AUF DER BULT, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Thomas Danne

  3. Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Martin Wabitsch

Section Editor information

  1. Sektion Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Ulm, Deutschland

    Martin Wabitsch

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Roth, C. (2018). Zentrale Regulation des Körpergewichtes. In: Hiort, O., Danne, T., Wabitsch, M. (eds) Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52794-8_18-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52794-8_18-1

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