Zusammenfassung
In der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde wird ein breites Patientenspektrum angetroffen, von Kindern bis zu älteren, multimorbiden Patienten, bei denen oft ein jahrelanger Nikotin- und/oder Alkoholabusus vorliegt. Das zeitliche Spektrum der operativen Verfahren ist breit: kurze, nur wenige Minuten dauernde Routineeingriffe wechseln sich mit langwierigen und anspruchsvollen Operationen ab, die sich über Stunden erstrecken können. Zudem werden Notfallsituationen in der HNO-Heilkunde, bei denen durch die unmittelbare Beteiligung der oberen Atemwege rasch schwerwiegende Folgen wie Hypoxie oder Tod drohen, in diesem Kapitel erörtert.
Literatur
Kisch-Wedel H (2014) Transtracheale Jetventilation-eine unterschätzte Option. Anästh Intensivmed 55:S445
Boenninghaus HG (1996) Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde für Studierende der Medizin, 10. Aufl. Springer, Berlin
Mallampati SR, Gatt SP, Gugino LD et al (1985) A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation: a prospective study. Can Anaesth Soc J 32:429–434
Samsoon GL, Young JR (1987) Difficult tracheal intubation: a retrospective study. Anaesthesia 42:487–490
Arne J, Descoins P, Fusciardi J et al (1998) Preoperative assessment for difficult intubation in general and ENT surgery: predictive value of a clinical multivariate risk index. Br J Anaesth 80:140–146
Benumof JL, Scheller MS (1989) The importance of transtracheal jet ventilation in the management of the difficult airway. Anesthesiology 71:769–778
Chandradeva K, Palin C, Ghosh SM, Pinches SC (2005) Percutaneous transtracheal jet ventilation as a guide to tracheal intubation in severe upper airway obstruction from supraglottic oedema. Br J Anaesth 94:683–686
Fritzsche K, Osmers A (2010) Anesthetic management in laryngotracheal surgery. High-frequency jet ventilation as strategy for ventilation during general anesthesia. Anaesthesist 59:1051–1061
Todesco JM, Williams RT (1988) Percutaneous transtracheal high-frequency jet ventilation as an aid to fiberoptic intubation. Anesthesiology 68:298–299
Eriksson LI, Sundman E, Olsson R et al (1997) Functional assessment of the pharynx at rest and during swallowing in partially paralyzed humans: simultaneous videomanometry and mechanomyography of awake human volunteers. Anesthesiology 87:1035–1043
El-Orbany M, Ramez Salem M (2013) Endotracheal tube leaks: causes, consequences, and management. Anesth Analg 117:428–434
Petring OU, Adelhøj B, Jensen BN, Pedersen N, Lomholt N (1986) Prevention of aspiration due to leaks around cuffs of endotracheal tubes. Anesth Analg 65:777–780
Piltcher O, Lavinsky M, Lavinsky J, de Oliveira Basso PR (2007) Effectiveness of hypopharyngeal packing during nasal and sinus surgery in the prevention of PONV. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 137:552–554
von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Boda K, Chambers NA et al (2010) Risk assessment for respiratory complications in paediatric anaesthesia: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 376:773–783
Khemani RG, Randolph A, Markovitz B (2009) Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of postextubation stridor in neonates, children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:1–32. doi:10.1002/14651858
Ochoa ME, Marin MC, Frutos-Vivar F et al (2009) Cuff-leak test for the diagnosis of upper airway obstruction in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 35:1171–1179
Georgi R, Henn-Beilharz A, Ullrich W, Kienzle F (1999) Anästhesie in der Zahn-, Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, der Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und in der Augenchirurgie. Teil 1: Allgemeine Aspekte und spezifische Aspekte in der Zahn-, Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 34:45–65
Donlon JV Jr, Doyle DJ, Feldman MA (2005) Anesthesia and eye, ear, nose and throat surgery. In: Miller RD (Hrsg) Anesthesia, 6. Aufl. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, S 2527–2556
Theissing J (1996) HNO-Operationslehre, 3. Aufl. Thieme, Stuttgart
Walz KM (2001) Die Tracheostomie. Indikationen, Methoden, Risiken. Chirurg 72:1101–1110
Jaquet Y, Monnier P, Van Melle G et al (2006) Complications of different ventilation strategies in endoscopic laryngeal surgery: a 10-year review. Anesthesiology 104:52–59
Weisberger EC, Emhardt JD (1996) Apneic anesthesia with intermittent ventilation for microsurgery of the upper airway. Laryngoscope 106:1099–1102
Otteni JC, Pottecher T, Bronner G, Flesch H, Diebolt JR (1983) Prolongation of the Q-T interval and sudden cardiac arrest following right radical neck dissection. Anesthesiology 59:358–361
Schwengel DA, Sterni LM, Tunkel DE, Heitmiller ES (2009) Perioperative management of children with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesth Analg 109:60–75
Baburi D, Schlöndorff G (2009) Lebensbedrohliche und tödliche Tonsillektomie-Nachblutungen. Dissertation, TU Aachen, S 1–100. http://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/51537/files/Baburi_Diwa.pdf. Zugegriffen am 22.05.2017
Österreichische Gesellschaft für HNO und Kinder-und Jugenheilkunde (2007) Gemeinsame Empfehlung zur Entfernung der Gaumenmandel. S 1–14. http://www.hno.at/fileadmin/hno/pdfs/Konsensuspapier_Tonsillektomie_HNO_OEGKJ_9Nov2007.pdf. Zugegriffen am 22.05.2017
Reinhardt D (2000) Erkrankungen der Atemwegsorgane. In: Koletzko B (Hrsg) Kinderheilkunde, 11. Aufl. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 449–457
Schippel P, Wild L (2000) Analgosedierung und Sedierung für diagnostische Eingriffe im Kindesalter (Stillhaltenarkose). In: Deutsche Akademie für Anästhesiologische Fortbildung (Hrsg) Aktuelles Wissen für Anästhesisten: Refresher Course 26. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, S 155–165
Fennessy BG, O’Connor R, Cronin M, Fenton JE, Hughes JP (2010) Safety implications of the Boyle-Davis mouth gag and tracheal tube position in tonsillectomy. Br J Anaesth 105:863–866
Sanders JC, King MA, Mitchell RB, Kelly JP (2006) Perioperative complications of adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Anesth Analg 103:1115–1121
Kretz FJ, Reimann B, Stelzner J, Heumann H, Lange-Stumpf U (2000) Die Larynxmaske bei Adenotonillektomie bei Kindern. Gefährliche Spielerei oder medizinischer Fortschritt? Anaesthesist 49:706–712
Tait AR, Pandit UA, Voepel-Lewis T, Munro HM, Malviya S (1998) Use of the laryngeal mask airway in children with upper respiratory tract infections: a comparison with endotracheal intubation. Anesth Analg 86:706–711
Bolton CM, Myles PS, Carlin JB, Nolan T (2007) Randomized, double-blind study comparing the efficacy of moderate-dose metoclopramide and ondansetron for the prophylactic control of postoperative vomiting in children after tonsillectomy. Br J Anaesth 99:699–703
Bolton CM, Myles PS, Nolan T, Sterne JA (2006) Prophylaxis of postoperative vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 97:593–604
Czarnetzki C, Elia N, Lysakowski C et al (2008) Dexamethasone and risk of nausea and vomiting and postoperative bleeding after tonsillectomy in children: a randomized trial. JAMA 300:2621–2630
Jöhr M (2000) Postoperative pain management in infants and children. Curr Opin Anesthesiol 13:285–289
Krishna S, Hughes LF, Lin SY (2003) Postoperative hemorrhage with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use after tonsillectomy: a meta-analysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129:1086–1089
Cardwell M, Siviter G, Smith A (2005) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003591
Jeyakumar A, Brickman TM, Williamson ME et al (2008) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and postoperative bleeding following adenotonsillectomy in pediatric patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 134:24–27
Marret E, Flahault A, Samama CM, Bonnet F (2003) Effects of postoperative, nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drugs on bleeding risk after tonsillectomy: meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Anesthesiology 98:1497–1502
Dsida R, Cote CJ (2004) Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and hemorrhage following tonsillectomy: do we have the data? Anesthesiology 100:749–751
Chung SA, Yuan H, Chung F (2008) A systemic review of obstructive sleep apnea and its implications for anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 107:1543–1563
Gross JB, Bachenberg KL, Benumof JL et al (2006) Practice guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a report by the American society of anesthesiologists task force on perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology 104:1081–1093
Esclamdo RM, Glenn MG, McCulloch TM, Cummings CW (1989) Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrom. Laryngoscope 99:1125–1129
Fidkowski CW, Zheng H, Firth PG (2010) The anesthetic considerations of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children: a literature review of 12,979 cases. Anesth Analg 111:1016–1025
Schlosser RJ (2009) Clinical practice. Epistaxis. N Engl J Med 360:784–789
Purdie JA, Cullen PM (1993) Brainstem auditory evoked response during propofol anaesthesia in children. Anaesthesia 48:192–195
Chinn K, Brown OE, Manning SC, Crandell CC (1997) Middle ear pressure variation: effect of nitrous oxide. Laryngoscope 107:357–363
Fujii Y, Toyooka H, Tanaka H (1997) Granisetron reduces the incidence of nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery. Br J Anaesth 79:539–540
Kleemann PP (1996) Die schwierige Intubation. Anaesthesist 45:1248–1267
Sanchez A, Trivedi NS, Morrison DE (1996) Preparation of the patient for awake intubation. In: Benumof JL (Hrsg) Airway management. Principles and practice. CV Mosby, St. Louis, S 487–490
Westphal K, Byhahn C, Lischke V (1999) Die Tracheotomie in der Intensivmedizin. Anaesthesist 48:142–156
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland
About this entry
Cite this entry
Rex, S., Max, M., Kisch-Wedel, H. (2016). Anästhesie in der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde. In: Rossaint, R., Werner, C., Zwißler, B. (eds) Die Anästhesiologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45539-5_72-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45539-5_72-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45539-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45539-5
eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Medizin