The deliming step is carried out to reduce the excess of liming agents used in the previous unhairing operation by using acids and/or acidic salts. Since the pH must be slowly lowered, ammonium salts are commonly used for this purpose. In the bating operation, skins are treated with proteolytic enzymes in order to open the fibrous structure of skins, increasing their softness.
Generally, deliming and bating operations are performed in the same drum. Wastewaters from these operations are characterized by high nitrogen content, coming from both the hide structure and from the ammonium sulfate used as chemical auxiliary.
In order to reduce the nitrogen concentration in the deliming/bating exhausted bath, the replacement of ammonium salts by carbon dioxide (CO2) and the reuse of wastewater and chemicals after membrane filtration (MF or UF) of the exhausted liquor has been proposed (Gallego-Molina et al. 2013).
MF or UF membranes lead to a remarkable reduction of COD and fat substances of...
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References
Cassano A, Molinari R, Romano M, Drioli E (2001) Treatment of aqueous effluents of the leather industry by membrane processes. A review. J Membr Sci 181:111–126
Gallego-Molina A, Mendoza-Roca JA, Aguado D, Galiana-Aleixandre MV (2013) Reducing pollution from the deliming–bating operation in a tannery. Wastewater reuse by microfiltration membranes. Chem Eng Res Des 91:369–376
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Cassano, A. (2016). Leather Processing, Deliming-Bating. In: Drioli, E., Giorno, L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1881
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