UV Irradiation

UV radiation energy waves are the range of electromagnetic waves 100–400 nm long (between the X-ray and visible light spectrums), corresponding to photon energies from 3 to 124 eV. It is so named because the spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than those that humans identify as the color violet. The division of UV radiation may be classified as Vacuum UV (100–200 nm), UV-C (200–280 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-A (315–400 nm). UV irradiation occupies only about 3–5 % of the total solar irradiance at the Earth’s surface.

UV irradiation has many technical applications through the use of particular wavelength, including security, forensics, spectrophotometry, photolithography, sterilization, disinfecting drinking water, removing persistent organic compounds via photocatalyst, and initiating chemical reactions and others.

UV irradiation linked to membrane science and technology is manifested in three aspects.

• 1. UV irradiation for preparation, modification,...