This digenetic trematode of carps (Fig. 1) reaches a length of 1.5 × 0.3 mm and possesses no suckers. It lives in the blood vessels of its hosts (especially of the gills) and sucks blood, which can be seen in its intestine, which forms a branched sack at its terminal region. An anus is never formed. The surface is covered with tiny scales. The pyramid-like eggs, which are excreted from the uterus opening (being situated in the posterior body region), measure 70 × 40 μm and contain the miracidium larva. Intermediate hosts are Lymnaea snails or polychaetes in water ponds. The infectious stages are furcocercariae, which penetrate mostly into the gills.
Diagrammatical representation of a fluke of the species Sanguinicola inermis. Intestine = green; testes = red; female system = blue; excretion bladder = orange; sphericals = viteline glands (Drawn by Mehlhorn after Yamaguti)
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Roberts ML et al (2005) Interaction between the blood fluke, Sanguinicola inermis and humoral components of the immune response of carp, Cyprinus carpio. Parasitology 131:261–271
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Mehlhorn, H. (2016). Sanguinicola inermis . In: Mehlhorn, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_2789
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