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Physiology of the Developing Kidney: Sodium and Water Homeostasis and Its Disorders

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Pediatric Nephrology

Abstract

Salt and water are the stuff of life [1, 2]. The ancient and the modern voices have been invoked in the past to demonstrate that human beings intuitively appreciate the critical role played by sodium and water balance for the integrity of the plasma compartment and for continued existence on land. The third time around, I turn to a towering contemporary figure of our age as inspiration for this chapter. The material will review the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of sodium and water homeostasis. This knowledge will provide a basis for the analysis of the diseases that arise when these systems malfunction and a guide to the optimal therapy of conditions associated with excessive or deficient total body sodium and water.

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Acknowledgment

The author wishes to thank Laura Malaga-Dieguez, MD, PhD, for her careful review of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NYU Langone Medical Center and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Nigel Madden & Howard Trachtman

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  1. Nigel Madden
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  2. Howard Trachtman
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Correspondence to Howard Trachtman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Health System of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Ellis D. Avner

  2. Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    William E. Harmon

  3. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

    Patrick Niaudet

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan

    Norishige Yoshikawa

  5. Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Emma

  6. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

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Madden, N., Trachtman, H. (2016). Physiology of the Developing Kidney: Sodium and Water Homeostasis and Its Disorders. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N., Emma, F., Goldstein, S. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_6

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