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Pediatric Nephrology pp 1329–1353Cite as

Cystinosis and Its Renal Complications in Children

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Abstract

Nephropathic cystinosis [1–3] deserves a special place in the annals of clinical medicine as the first treatable lysosomal storage disease. The pathophysiology itself, based upon the formation of cystine crystals within the lysosomes of cells, is remarkable. The presence of cystine crystals provides a clue to the basic defect in cystinosis, i.e., failure to transport cystine out of lysosomes [4–6]. This created a new area of biomedical investigation, explained the lysosome’s function in salvaging small molecules for reutilization by the cell, and revealed a new category of lysosomal storage disorders due to transport defects rather than enzyme deficiencies [7]. Even more striking, a rational therapy of cystine depletion (i.e., cysteamine) emerged [8–10], transforming nephropathic cystinosis from a universally fatal disease to a treatable chronic disorder with a decent quality of life and increased life span. Today, physicians can even observe the gradual dissolution of cystine crystals by cysteamine eyedrops bathing the corneas of patients’ eyes [11–13].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10, Center Drive Bld.10, Room 10C-103, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1851, USA

    William A. Gahl & Galina Nesterova

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  1. William A. Gahl
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  2. Galina Nesterova
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Correspondence to William A. Gahl .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Health System of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Ellis D. Avner

  2. Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    William E. Harmon

  3. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

    Patrick Niaudet

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan

    Norishige Yoshikawa

  5. Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Emma

  6. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

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© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (outside the USA)

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Gahl, W.A., Nesterova, G. (2016). Cystinosis and Its Renal Complications in Children. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N., Emma, F., Goldstein, S. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_37

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_37

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43595-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43596-0

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