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Fallbeispiele in der Gesundheitskommunikation

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Zusammenfassung

Fallbeispiele sind Einzelfalldarstellungen, die zur Illustration eines Sachverhaltes eingesetzt werden – in der Gesundheitskommunikation sind dies hauptsächlich direkte oder indirekte Schilderungen von Betroffenen. Neben den klassischen Kommunikationswegen finden sich solche Erfahrungsberichte auch verstärkt online in Gesundheitsforen oder sozialen Medien. Fallbeispiele sind ein wirksames Stilmittel, um Urteile wie Risikowahrnehmung, Einstellung und Verhaltensintention zu beeinflussen. Die Wirkung, die von ihnen ausgeht, wird hauptsächlich durch ihre Lebhaftigkeit begründet. Trotz der umfangreichen Forschungslage werden sie in der Gesundheitskommunikation – im Gegensatz zur allgemeinen Berichterstattung – nur zögerlich eingesetzt. Bei der Verwendung sind auch ethische Gesichtspunkte zu beachten: Durch die nicht-repräsentative Verwendung können sich Wahrnehmungsverzerrungen ergeben, die in einer Überschätzung von Gesundheitsrisiken oder Förderung von stereotypen Krankheitsbildern enden können.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Natürlich berichten Medien auch ohne Verallgemeinerungsabsicht über einzelne Krankheitsgeschichten, vornehmlich von Prominenten – dabei handelt es sich dann aber nicht um Fallbeispiele, sondern um Einzelfälle.

  2. 2.

    Zur Vereinheitlichung wird im Folgenden der Begriff Fallbeispiel verwendet, auch wenn die jeweils dargestellte Studie andere Begrifflichkeiten gebraucht. Für statistische Informationen, summarische Aussagen bzw. Faktendarstellungen wird der übergeordnete Begriff summarische Realitätsbeschreibung benutzt.

  3. 3.

    Laut Fünf-Jahres-Impact Factor (Stand: 2014) in der Kategorie „Communication“ (Journal of Health Communication: 13 von 67; Health Communication: 23 von 76).

  4. 4.

    Für den Unterschied zwischen Themeninvolvement und Involvement während der Rezeption vgl. Slater und Rouner (2002).

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Peter, C. (2017). Fallbeispiele in der Gesundheitskommunikation. In: Rossmann, C., Hastall, M. (eds) Handbuch Gesundheitskommunikation. Springer Reference Sozialwissenschaften. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10948-6_41-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10948-6_41-1

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