Zusammenfassung
Die dilatative Kardiomyopathie (DCM) ist eine heterogene Gruppe kardialer Erkrankungen, die durch eine Einschränkung der systolischen linksventrikulären Funktion gekennzeichnet ist und in der Regel mit einer Erweiterung der Herzbinnenräume einhergeht. Etwa ein Drittel aller idiopathischen DCM-Formen ist genetisch bedingt, weshalb eine sorgfältige Erhebung der Familienanamnese obligater Bestandteil der Diagnostik ist. Der klinische Verlauf kann sehr variabel sein, Leitsymptome sind belastungsabhängige Dyspnoe sowie reduzierte Belastbarkeit. In der körperlichen Untersuchung können zudem periphere Ödeme, Hepatomegalie, Pleuraergüsse, grobblasige Rasselgeräusche, Jugularvenenstauung, Blässe, Kachexie und ein dritter Herzton gefunden werden. Die primäre Dokumentation einer Dilatation und Reduktion der systolischen Pumpfunktion erfolgt regelhaft mittels transthorakaler Echokardiographie und Magnetresonanztomographie. Als wichtigste Differenzialdiagnose gilt die ischämische Kardiomyopathie aufgrund einer koronaren Herzerkrankung. Die Behandlung der idiopathischen sowie der familiären DCM orientiert sich an den Leitlinien zur Behandlung der Herzinsuffizienz. Ziele der medikamentösen und interventionellen Therapie sind die Milderung der Symptome, Vorbeugung eines Krankheitsprogress sowie damit assoziierter Endorganschäden zur Reduktion von kardialen Dekompensationen, Krankenhausaufenthalten und Verbesserung der Prognose.
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Pribe-Wolferts, R., Ehlermann, P., Meder, B., Katus, H.A. (2015). Dilatative Kardiomyopathie. In: Lehnert, H., et al. SpringerReference Innere Medizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_185-1
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Dilatative Kardiomyopathie- Published:
- 01 June 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_185-2
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Dilatative Kardiomyopathie- Published:
- 10 March 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_185-1