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Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel

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SpringerReference Innere Medizin

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Zusammenfassung

Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel ist eine autosomal kodominant vererbte genetische Erkrankung. Es kommt zu Schädigungen an Leber und Lunge. Typischerweise treten im jungen Erwachsenenalter erste unspezifische Symptome wie Husten, Auswurf und Luftnot auf. Im Endstadium liegt ein überwiegend basales Lungenemphysem vor. Bei homozygoten Merkmalsträgern kann sich eine Leberzirrhose entwickeln. Das Risiko für die Entwicklung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms ist erhöht. Die Diagnose erfolgt durch Bestimmung der Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Serumkonzentration. Die initiale pulmonale Diagnostik umfasst die Lungenfunktion und eine Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax. Zur Beurteilung einer Leberbeteiligung werden Leberwerte und Lebersynthesewerte bestimmt und eine Abdomensonographie durchgeführt. Die Therapie der pulmonalen Symptomatik entspricht der Therapie der COPD, u. U. erfolgt eine Alpha-1-Antitrypsinsubsitution. Ggf. sind auch Lungenvolumenreduktion, Lungentransplantation und Lebertransplantation erforderlich.

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Correspondence to Christoph Höner zu Siederdissen .

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Höner zu Siederdissen, C., Köhnlein, T. (2014). Alpha-1-Antitrypsinmangel. In: Lehnert, H., et al. SpringerReference Innere Medizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_146-1

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