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Multiresistente Erreger (MRSA, VRE, MRGN)

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Zusammenfassung

Die aktuellen Leitlinien zu MRSA basieren auf einer mangelhaften Datenlage und haben eine entsprechend geringe Evidenz; einige Empfehlungen sind sehr praxisfern und daher schwer vermittelbar. Aufgrund der Komplexität der offiziellen Empfehlungen gewinnen horizontale Infektionspräventionsansätze wie die konsequente Durchführung der Händehygiene inklusive Schulungsprogrammen und die Ganzkörperwaschung mit Antiseptika zunehmend an Bedeutung. VRE sind leicht übertragbare Erreger, die allerdings im Vergleich zu MRSA und MRGN ein eher geringes pathogenes Potenzial haben. Die aktuellen Empfehlungen zur Kontrolle von VRE basieren in noch stärker ausgeprägtem Maß als bei MRSA auf einer sehr schwachen wissenschaftlichen Datenlage. Durch die konsequente Durchführung der Basishygiene und gezielte Maßnahmen der Flächendesinfektion können Transmissionen und resultierend Infektionen sowohl mit VRE als auch mit sensiblen Enterokokken reduziert werden. Hygienemaßnahmen zur Prävention von MRGN im Krankenhaus richten sich nach dem Grad der Multiresistenz (3MRGN/4MRGN), der Bakterienspezies (Enterobakterien, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas) sowie dem Ausbreitungspotenzial. Unterschieden wird außerdem, ob es sich um Risikopatienten und Risikobereiche im Krankenhaus handelt, in denen der Erreger nachgewiesen wird. Die Empfehlungen der KRINKO reichen von Standardhygienemaßnahmen bis hin zur strikten räumlichen Isolierung. Es ist es vordringlich, die Ausbreitung besonders von 4MRGN zu verhindern.

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Dettenkofer, M., Frank, U., Fussen, R., Lemmen, S. (2017). Multiresistente Erreger (MRSA, VRE, MRGN). In: Dettenkofer, M., Frank, U., Just, HM., Lemmen, S., Scherrer, M. (eds) Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41169-4_14-1

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