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Vascular Problems of the Pelvis

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PanVascular Medicine

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Abstract

Regardless of the gender, the human pelvis represents a complex anatomic region shared by the organs of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and the reproductive system. All these structures are included in a rigid bone case which also harbors the intricate neurovascular network that crosses over the pelvic area in direction to the lower limbs.

The adequate approach of the diseases arising in the pelvic vascular network is difficult requiring precise anatomical knowledge and often the collaboration of interdisciplinary teamwork. The present chapter describes in detail the pelvic vascular anatomy and also provides a full discussion of both the tumor-related and tumor-unrelated diseases affecting these vascular structures.

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Abbreviations

Adnexal (ovarian) torsion:

Refers to the rotation of the ovary to such a degree as to occlude the ovarian artery and/or vein.

Aneurysm:

Permanent vascular dilatation usually caused by weakening of the vessel wall.

Angiomyxoma:

Myxomatous tumor involving the blood vessels.

Arteriovenous malformation:

Defects of the circulatory system comprised of snarled tangles of arteries and veins.

Glomus tumor:

Painful tumor composed of specialized pericytes that are usually arranged in single encapsulated nodular masses.

Hamartoma:

Abnormal condition resulting in the formation of a mass of tissue of disproportionate size and distribution but composed of the normal tissue of the region.

Hemangioendothelioma (hemangiosarcoma):

Malignant tumor composed of anaplastic endothelial cells.

Hemangioma:

Benign and usually self-involuting tumor (swelling or growth) of the endothelial cells of blood vessels, characterized by increased number of normal or abnormal vessels filled with blood.

Hemangiopericytoma:

Tumor composed of endothelium-lined tubes or cords of cells surrounded by spherical cells with supporting reticulin network.

Intravenous leiomyomatosis:

Rare condition seen exclusively in women in which leiomyomata, benign smooth muscle tumors, are found inside the veins.

Lymphocyst (lymphocele):

Collection of lymphatic fluid within the body not bordered by epithelial lining. It is usually a surgical complication seen after extensive pelvic surgery (i.e., cancer surgery) and is most commonly found in the retroperitoneal space.

Pelvic venous incompetence/pelvic congestion syndrome:

Disease entity caused by varices characterized by a pain syndrome so-called chronic pelvic pain.

Sarcoma:

Malignant tumor arising from connective tissues.

Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis:

Persistent postpartum fever not responsive to broad-spectrum antibiotic in which pelvic infection leads to infection of the vein wall and intimal damage leading to thrombogenesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servicio de Urología, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Avenida de Reina Victoria 22-26, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Javier González

  2. Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Avenida de Reina Victoria 22-26, 28003, Madrid, Spain

    Luis F. Albeniz

  3. Department of Urology and Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami Transplant Institute, Post Office Box 012440, Miami, FL, 33101, USA

    Gaetano Ciancio

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  1. Javier González
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  2. Luis F. Albeniz
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  3. Gaetano Ciancio
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Correspondence to Javier González .

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  1. Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus MLU, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany

    Peter Lanzer

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González, J., Albeniz, L.F., Ciancio, G. (2014). Vascular Problems of the Pelvis. In: Lanzer, P. (eds) PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_152-1

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