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Adrenergic Agents

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PanVascular Medicine

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Abstract

Adrenergic agonists, also known as adrenergic amines, function at the level of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) which is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). They produce their effects by acting on adrenergic receptors. These agents have a broad spectrum of activity including peripheral excitatory action on certain types of smooth muscle (blood vessels supplying skin, kidney, and mucous membranes), peripheral inhibitory action on certain other types of smooth muscle (gut, bronchial tree, blood vessels supplying skeletal muscle), positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart, regulation of endocrine system, and central nervous system (CNS) action such as respiratory stimulation. They have a wide variety of clinical applications. In this chapter we will describe the mechanisms of adrenergic receptor activation and provide an overview of the major adrenergic agonists as well as an individual approach to the most common agents used in clinical practice including their potential harmful effects.

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Abbreviations

Adrenergic receptors:

Receptors that are targeted by catecholamines.

Cardiogenic shock:

Shock caused by failure of the ventricles to function adequately.

Chronotropic agents:

Exert an influence on heart rate.

Inotropic agents:

Exert an influence on the force of the heart’s contractions.

Mean arterial pressure:

Average blood pressure.

P38 MAPK:

Type of mitogen-activated protein kinases that are responsive to stress stimuli and are involved in cell differentiation and apoptosis.

Peripheral vascular resistance:

Resistance to blood flow by vascular musculature and diameter of blood vessels.

Prostacyclins:

It is a prostaglandin family member which inhibits platelet activation and is also an effective vasodilator.

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure:

Pressure measured by wedging a pulmonary catheter into a small pulmonary arterial vessel and provides an indirect measure of left atrial pressure.

Splanchnicectomy:

Surgical resection of the splanchnic nerves and usually of the celiac ganglion.

Stokes–Adams attacks:

Abrupt transient loss of consciousness due to pronounced decrease in cardiac output.

Thromboxane:

It is an eicosanoid family member and a potent vasoconstrictor which facilitates platelet activation.

Torsades de pointes:

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.

Vasopressors:

Agents that increases blood pressure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Kathy Hebert

  2. Cardiovascular Diseases, Einstein Medical Center, 5401 Old York Road, Philadelphia, 19141, PA, USA

    Emiliana Franco Ladron de Guevara & Andre Macedo Dias

  3. Medicine Division, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, 33136, FL, USA

    Elizabeth Vilches

Authors
  1. Kathy Hebert
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  2. Emiliana Franco Ladron de Guevara
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  3. Andre Macedo Dias
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  4. Elizabeth Vilches
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kathy Hebert .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Internal Medicine, Health Care Center Bitterfeld, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany

    Peter Lanzer

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Hebert, K., Franco Ladron de Guevara, E., Macedo Dias, A., Vilches, E. (2015). Adrenergic Agents. In: Lanzer, P. (eds) PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_237

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_237

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