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Amniotic Membrane Transplantation Non-pharmacotherapy

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Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology

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Synonyms

Amnion graft; Amnion transplantation; Amniotic membrane graft

Definition

Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) is the use of the innermost layer of the fetal amniotic sac as a graft in ocular surface surgery. The amniotic membrane (AM), also known as the amnion, is comprised of epithelium, basal lamina, and stromal matrix. It is avascular and does not trigger a clinically relevant immunologic response when transplanted. Amniotic membranes are obtained through elective cesarean section and preserved in either a dry or a wet form for later use.

Indication

Indications for the use of amniotic membrane transplantation can be divided into two categories: conjunctival surface reconstruction and corneal surface reconstruction. Defects in the conjunctival tissue most commonly arise from the surgical treatment of a variety of pathological processes, including ocular surface squamous neoplasia, pterygium, symblepharon release, and conjunctivochalasis. To repair these conjunctival...

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Further Reading

  • Holland EJ, Mannis MJ, Lee WB (2013) Ocular surface disease: cornea, conjunctiva and tear film. vol 37. Elsevier, pp 309–314

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  • Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ (2011) Cornea, 3rd edn. Chapter 146. Elsevier, pp 1647–1654

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  • Sangwan VS, Burman S, Tejwani S, Mahesh SP, Murthy R (2007) Amniotic membrane transplantation: a review of current indications in the management of ophthalmic disorders. Indian J Ophthalmol 55(4):251–260

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  • Yanoff M, Duker JS, James J (2014) Ophthalmology, 4th edn. Chapter 4.31. Elsevier, pp 320–324.e1

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Alan Fremder Utria

Authors
  1. Alan Fremder Utria
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alan Fremder Utria .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Ophthal & Optometry,AKH, Medical University of Wien Dept of Ophthal & Optometry,AKH, Wien, Austria

    Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main Department of Ophthalmology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Thomas Kohnen

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Utria, A.F. (2014). Amniotic Membrane Transplantation Non-pharmacotherapy. In: Schmidt-Erfurth, U., Kohnen, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_746-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_746-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35951-4

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