Definition
Residual stress is the stress field inside a material that has been subjected to permanent deformation beyond its limit of plasticity or remaining elastic stresses in a workpiece, e.g., due to nonuniform plastic deformation and/or significant temperature gradients.
Theory and Application
Introduction
If the plastic deformation is uniaxial, such as that induced in a tensile test, and the material is isotropic without the initial stress field, the stress of a permanently strained material can recover to its initial state without residual stress. The stress–strain curve in Fig. 1explains elastic recovery in such a case. The material after uniaxial tensile deformation can fully recover after unloading the imposed external force, because its stress is uniform without a gradient, and it can deform freely in the opposite direction to that of loading. However, in general, every point in a material after loading or forming has a stress gradient and cannot deform freely during...
References
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Yanagimoto, J. (2015). Residual Stress (Forming). In: The International Academy for Produ, ., Laperrière, L., Reinhart, G. (eds) CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_6678-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_6678-3
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Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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