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The Prokaryotes pp 313–340Cite as

The Family Methylobacteriaceae

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Abstract

The Methylobacteriaceae comprise a large family of Alphaproteobacteria within the Order Rhizobiales and currently contains three genera, Methylobacterium, Microvirga, and Meganema. The largest genus currently contains 44 validated species of Methylobacterium, most of which are facultative methylotrophs able to grow on methanol and other one-carbon compounds as sources of energy and carbon. Most are pink-pigmented, exhibit common fatty acid profiles, and contain ubiquinone Q-10. The eight species of Microvirga and the single species of Meganema are not methylotrophic. The phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of Meganema indicate that it is wrongly placed in this family. Methylobacterium species are ubiquitous in the natural environment, both as free-living organisms in soil and water, but also on the phylloplane of plants, and in the leaf, stem, and root tissues of plants: Some induce plant leaf and root nodule formation, and can promote plant growth by production of auxins. Some species are opportunistic human pathogens; others have been found in insect tissues. Some are important for their role in the degradation of pollutants, and they may also cause commercial problems such as the fouling of aircraft fuels. Microvirga species occur in diverse habitats as free-living species, and others are colonists in plant root nodules. The filamentous Meganema has only been recovered as an organism involved in the fouling and blocking of water filtration systems. The genomes of several Methylobacterium species have been sequenced, and they show considerable interstrain homology. Significant genome plasticity is indicated by the large number of insertion elements in some genomes, and some methylotrophic functions seem to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Tae-Young Ahn (Dankook University, Korea), Julie Ardley (Murdoch University, Western Australia), Jean Euzéby (École Nationale Vétérinaire, France), Peter Green (National Collection of Industrial, Marine, and Food Bacteria, Scotland), Thomas Hoppe (Universität Siegen, Germany), Yi Jiang (Yunnan University, People’s Republic of China), Dipti Nayak and Chris Marx (Harvard University, USA), Angela Sessitsch (Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln), Stefan Schauer (Universität Kassel, Germany), Julia Vorholt (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland), and Stéphane Vuilleumier (Université de Strasbourg, France) for very helpful advice and information and for sharing unpublished data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

    Donovan P. Kelly

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Waikato, New Zealand

    Ian R. McDonald

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Henriette Raphael House, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK

    Ann P. Wood

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  1. Donovan P. Kelly
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  2. Ian R. McDonald
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  3. Ann P. Wood
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donovan P. Kelly .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Kelly, D.P., McDonald, I.R., Wood, A.P. (2014). The Family Methylobacteriaceae. In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30197-1_256

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