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The Class Nitriliruptoria

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

The Nitriliruptoria line of descent is one of the deeply branching actinobacterial lineages, containing the orders Nitriliruptorales and Euzebyales. Each of them is defined by a single family, genus, and species, respectively: within Nitriliruptoraceae, it is the genus Nitriliruptor with Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus (Sorokin et al. 2009) and within Euzebyaceae, it is Euzebya with Euzebya tangerina (Kurahashi et al. 2010). The higher classification as a subclass Nitriliruptoridae, and recently as a class Nitriliruptoria, followed the description of Euzebya tangerina and the notion that Nitriliruptorales and Euzebyales are phylogenetic neighbors, sharing a common origin. Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus has been isolated from soda lake sediments of the Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia). The Gram-positive type strain ANL-iso2T is the only known alkaliphilic bacterium to degrade isobutyronitrile [iBN, (CH3)2CHCN] and utilizes it as a sole source of energy, carbon, and nitrogen. Biodegradation is via the nitrile hydratase/amidase system. Euzebya tangerina was isolated from abdominal epidermidis of a sea cucumber, Holothuria edulis. In addition to the type strains, the lineage contains several unclassified isolates and hitherto uncultured strains from sources different to those of the type strains.

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Acknowledgment

Parts of this chapter have been prepared under the EMbaRC project (EU Seventh Framework Programme Research Infrastructures [Infra-2—8-1.1.2.9: Biological Resources Centres (BRCs) for Microorganisms, grant Agreement No: FP7-228310) to support science in BRCs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  2. Biocatalysis Group, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft, 2628 BL, The Netherlands

    Linda G. Otten

Authors
  1. Erko Stackebrandt
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  2. Linda G. Otten
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erko Stackebrandt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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Stackebrandt, E., Otten, L.G. (2014). The Class Nitriliruptoria . In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30138-4_197

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