Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reactive Oxygen Species in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is characterized by enhanced oxidative stress leading to low-grade inflammation in the vascular wall, heart, kidney, and brain. Epidemiological cohort studies have suggested that antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and α- and β-carotene may be useful in cardiovascular and cancer prevention. Interventional trials using antioxidants, however, have provided mixed results, with some small trials demonstrating benefit, which could not be confirmed in larger trials, some of which even showed deleterious consequences. It will be necessary to further investigate cellular effects of antioxidants, which can also have prooxidant actions that counterbalance their antioxidant effects. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species in experimental models and in humans and have been proven to produce beneficial cardiovascular effects. Polyphenols and other antioxidants present in foods and beverages may as well have cardiovascular protective actions. More studies are therefore necessary in order to develop antioxidants that will indeed be able to buffer the oxidative stress in cardiovascular tissues and accordingly result in improved cardiovascular outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 1,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 2,999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams V, Linke A, Krankel N, Erbs S, Gielen S, Mobius-Winkler S, Gummert JF, Mohr FW, Schuler G, Hambrecht R (2005) Impact of regular physical activity on the NAD(P)H oxidase and angiotensin receptor system in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 111:555–562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azumi N, Inoue Y (2002) Superoxide generation in directional coronary atherectomy specimens of patients with angina pectoris: important role of NAD(P)H oxidase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22:1838–1844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barry-Lane PA, Patterson C, van der Merwe M, Hu Z, Holland SM, Yeh ETH, Runge MS (2001) p47phox is required for atherosclerotic lesion progression in ApoE(−/−) mice. J Clin Invest 108:1513–1522

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berk BC (2007) Novel approaches to treat oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 118:209–214

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boshtam M, Rafiei M, Sadeghi K, Sarraf-Zadegan N (2002) Vitamin E can reduce blood pressure in mild hypertensives. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 72:309–314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brassard P, Amiri F, Schiffrin EL (2005) Combined angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor blockade on vascular remodeling and matrix metalloproteinases in resistance arteries. Hypertension 46:598–606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown AA, Hu FB (2001) Dietary modulation of endothelial function: implications for cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 73:673–686

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr A, Frei B (2000) The role of natural antioxidants in preserving the biological activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 28:1806–1814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen RM, Touyz RM, Park JB, Schiffrin EL (2001) Antioxidant effects of vitamins C and E are associated with altered activation of vascular NADPH oxidase and superoxidase dismutase in stroke-prone SHR. Hypertension 38:606–611

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, He J, Hamm L, Batuman, Whelton PK (2002) Serum antioxidant vitamins and blood pressure in the United States population. Hypertension 40:810–816

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen S, Ge Y, Si J, Rifai A, Dworkin LD, Gong R (2008) Candesartan suppresses chronic renal inflammation by a novel antioxidant action independent of AT1R blockade. Kidney Int 74:1128–1138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chrissobolis S, Didion S, Kinzenbaw DA, Schrader LI, Dayal S, Lentz SR, Faraci FM (2008) Glutathione peroxidase-1 plays a major role in protecting against angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction. Hypertension 51:872–877

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cifuentes ME, Pagano PJ (2006) Targeting reactive oxygen species in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 15:179–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cook NR, Albert CM, Gaziano JM, Zaharris E, MacFadyen J, Danielson E, Buring JE, Manson JE (2007) A randomized factorial trial of vitamins C and E and beta carotene in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in women: results from the women’s antioxidant cardiovascular study. Arch Intern Med 167:1610–1618

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Datla SR, Griendling KK (2010) Reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidases, and hypertension. Hypertension 56:325–330

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dikalova AE, Bikineyeva AT, Budzyn K, Nazarewicz RR, McCann L, Lewis W, Harrison DG, Dikalov SI (2010) Therapeutic targeting of mitochondrial superoxide in hypertension. Circ Res 107:106–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy SJ, Gokce N, Holbrook M, Huang A, Frei B, Keaney JF, Vita JA (1999) Treatment of hypertension with ascorbic acid. Lancet 354:2048–2049

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimian T, Touyz RM (2008) Thioredoxin in vascular biology: role in hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 10:1127–1136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El Midaoui A, Wu R, de Champlain J (2002) Prevention of hypertension, hyperglycemia and vascular oxidative stress by aspirin treatment in chronically glucose-fed rats. J Hypertens 20:1407–1412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fortuno A, Olivan S, Beloqui O, San Jose G, Moreno MU, Diez J (2004) Association of increased phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide production with diminished nitric oxide generation in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 22:2169–2175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fotheby MD, Williams JC, Forster LA, Craner P, Ferns GA (2000) Effect of vitamin C on ambulatory blood pressure and plasma lipids in older patients. J Hypertens 18:411–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators (1999) Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto miocardico. Lancet 354:447–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grassi D, Desideri G, Necozione S, Lippi C, Casale R, Properzi G, Blumberg JB, Ferri C (2008) Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. J Nutr 138:1671–1676

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griendling KK, Harrison DG (1999) Dual role of reactive oxygen species in vascular growth. Circ Res 85:562–563

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupte SA (2008) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 9:993–1000

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison DG (1997) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell dysfunction. J Clin Invest 100:2153–2157

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group (2002) MRC/BHF Heart protection study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 360:23–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JA, Stampfer M, Rosner B, Cook NR, Belanger C, LaMotte F, Gaziano JM, Ridker PM et al (1996) Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 334:1145–1149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann AM, Saguner D, Versari TE, Peterson TE, Chade A, Olson M, Lerman LO, Lerman A (2007) Chronic proteasome inhibition contributes to coronary atherosclerosis. Circ Res 101:865–874

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higashi Y, Sasaki S, Nakagawa K, Matsuura H, Oshima T, Chayama K (2002) Endothelial function and oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension. N Engl J Med 346:1954–1962

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoagland KM, Maier KG, Roman RJ (2003) Contributions of 20-HETE to the antihypertensive effects of Tempol in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension 41:697–702

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • John JH, Ziebland S, Yudkin P, Roe LS, Neil HAW (2002) Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma antioxidant concentrations and blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 359:1969–1973

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keidar S, Attias J (1997) Angiotensin II injection into mice increases the uptake of oxidized LDL by their macrophages via a proteoglycan-mediated pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 239:63–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khatri JJ, Johnson C, Magid R, Lessner SM, Laude KM, Dikalov SL, Harrison DG, Sung HJ, Rong Y, Galis ZS (2004) Vascular oxidant stress enhances progression and angiogenesis of experimental atheroma. Circulation 109:520–525

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khaw KT, Bingham S, Welch A, Luben R, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N (2001) Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: a prospective population study. Lancet 357:657–663

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knekt P, Reunanen A, Jävinen R, Seppänen R, Heliövaara M, Aromaa A (1994) Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in a longitudinal population study. Am J Epidemiol 139:1180–1189

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kokubo Y, Iwai N, Tago N, Inamoto N, Okayama A, Yamawaki H, Naraba H, Tomoike H (2005) Association analysis between hypertension and CYBA, CLCNKB, and KCNMB1 functional polymorphisms in the Japanese population – the Suita Study. Circ J 69:138–142

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacy F, O’Connor DT, Schmid-Schönbein GW (1998) Plasma hydrogen peroxide production in hypertensives and normotensive subjects at genetic risk of hypertension. J Hypertens 16:291–303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacy F, Kailasam MT, O’Connor DT, Schmid-Schonbein GW, Parmer RJ (2000) Plasma hydrogen peroxide production in human essential hypertension: role of heredity, gender, and ethnicity. Hypertension 36:878–884

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee VM, Quinn PA, Jennings SC, Ng LL (2003) Neutrophil activation and production of reactive oxygen species in pre-eclampsia. J Hypertens 21:395–402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee IM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, Gordon D, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE (2005) Vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: the women’s health study: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 294:56–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattagajasingh I, Kim CS, Naqvi A, Yamamori T, Hoffman TA, Jung SB, DeRicco J, Kasuno K, Irani K (2007) SIRT1 promotes endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by activating endothelial nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:14855–14860

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews I, Gorenne S, Scott N, Figg P, Kirkpatrick A, Ritchie M, Goddard M, Bennett M (2006) Vascular smooth muscle cells undergo telomere-based senescence in human atherosclerosis effects of telomerase and oxidative stress. Circ Res 99:156–164

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McMillen T, Heinecke JW, LeBoeuf RC (2005) Expression of human myeloperoxidase by macrophages promotes atherosclerosis in mice. Circulation 111:2798–2804

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta JL, Sanada N, Hu CP, Chen J, Dandapat A, Sugawara F, Satoh H, Inoue K, Kawase Y, Jishage K et al (2007) Deletion of LOX-1 reduces atherogenesis I LDLR knockout mice fed high cholesterol diet. Circ Res 100:1634–1642

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller ER, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, Riemersma RA, Appel LJ, Guallar E (2005) Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med 142:37–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morawietz H, Rueckschloss U, Niemann B (1999) Angiotensin II induces LOX-1, the human endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Circulation 100:899–902

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mostofsky E, Levitan EB, Wolk A, Mittleman MA (2010) Chocolate intake and incidence of heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 3:612–616

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mullan BA, Young IS, Fee H, McCance DR (2002) Ascorbic acid reduces blood pressure and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. Hypertension 40:804–809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muller DN, Dechend R, Mervaala EMA, Park JK, Schmidt F, Fiebeler A (2000) NFκB inhibition ameliorates angiotensin II-induced inflammatory damage in rats. Hypertension 35:193–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nickenig G, Harrison DG (2002) The AT1-type angiotensin receptor in oxidative stress and atherogenesis. part I: oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Circulation 105:393–396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira PJ, Goncalves L, Monteiro P, Providencia LA, Moreno AJ (2005) Are the antioxidant properties of carvedilol important for the protection of cardiac mitochondria? Curr Vasc Pharmacol 3:147–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Omenn GS, Goodman G, Thornquist M, Grizzle J, Rosenstock L, Barnhart S, Balmes J, Cherniack MG, Cullen MR, Glass A et al (1994) The β-carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET) for chemoprevention of lung cancer in high-risk populations: smokers and asbestos-exposed workers. Cancer Res 54:2038–2043

    Google Scholar 

  • Orozco LD, Kapturczak MH, Barajas B, Wang X, Weinstein MM, Wong J, Deshane J, Bolisetty S, Shaposhnik Z, Shih DM et al (2007) Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 100:1703–1711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JB, Touyz RM, Chen X, Schiffrin EL (2002) Chronic treatment with superoxide dismutase mimetic prevents vascular remodeling and progression of hypertension in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 15:78–84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PEACE Trial Investigators (2004) Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 351:2058–2068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potenza MA, Marasciulo FL, Tarquinio M, Tiravanti E, Colantuono G, Federici A, Kim J, Quon MJ, Montagnani M (2007) EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, reduces blood pressure, and protects against myocardial I/R injury in SHR. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292:E1378–E1387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puddu P, Puddu GM, Cravero E, De Pascalis S, Muscari A (2009) The emerging role of cardiovascular risk factor-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in atherogenesis. J Biomed Sci 16:112–120

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajagopalan S, Meng XP, Ramasamy S, Harrison DG, Galis ZS (1996) Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro: implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. J Clin Invest 98:2572–2579

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, Willett WC (1993) Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. N Engl J Med 328:1450–1456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JM, Myatt L, Spong CY, Thom EA, Hauth JC, Leveno KJ, Pearson GD, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Thorp JM et al (2010) Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N Engl J Med 362:1282–1291

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romero JC, Reckelhoff JF (1999) Role of angiotensin and oxidative stress in essential hypertension. Hypertension 34:943–949

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross R (1999) Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 340:115–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER, Simons-Morton DG et al (2001) Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. N Engl J Med 344:3–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salvemini D, Cuzzocrea S (2003) Therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutase mimetics as therapeutic agents in critical care medicine. Crit Care Med 31:S29–S38

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sesso HD, Buring JE, Christen WG, Kurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Glynn RJ, Gaziano JM (2008) Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the physicians’ health study II randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 300:2123–2133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shihabi A, Li WG, Miller FJ, Weintraub NL (2002) Antioxidant therapy for atherosclerotic vascular disease: the promise and the pitfalls. Am J Physiol 282:H797–H802

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorescu D, Weiss D, Lassègue B, Clempus RE, Szöcs K, Sorescu GP, Valppu L, Quinn MT, Lambeth JD, Vega JD et al (2002) Superoxide production and expression of NOX family proteins in human atherosclerosis. Circulation 105:1429–1435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava S, Vladykovskaya E, Barski OQ, Spite M, Kaiserova K, Petrash JM, Chung SS, Hunt G, Dawn B, Bhatnagar A (2009) Aldose reductase protects against early atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein e-null mice. Circ Res 105:793–802

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC (1993) Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 328:1444–1449

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, Kelly F, Cheeseman K, Mitchinson MJ (1996) Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet 347:781–786

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura T, Kondo T, Kureishi-Bando Y, Numaguchi Y, Yoshida O, Dohi Y, Kimura G, Ueda R, Rabelink TJ, Murohara T (2008) Nifedipine improves endothelial function: role of endothelial progenitor cells. Hypertension 52:491–498

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tabet F, Schiffrin EL, Callera GE, He Y, Yao G, Ostman A, Kappert K, Tonks NK, Touyz RM (2008) Redox-sensitive signaling by angiotensin II involves oxidative inactivation and blunted phosphorylation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR. Circ Res 103:149–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tenaglia AN, Peters KG, Sketch MH, Annex BH (1998) Neovascularization in atherectomy specimens from patients with unstable angina: implications for pathogenesis of unstable angina. Am Heart J 135:10–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • The HOPE, HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators (2005) Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular disease and cancer. J Am Med Assoc 293:1338–1347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL (2001) Increased generation of superoxide by angiotensin II in smooth muscle cells from resistance arteries of hypertensive patients: role of phospholipase D-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase-sensitive pathways. J Hypertens 19:1245–1254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL (2004) Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: implications in hypertension. Histochem Cell Biol 122:339–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ungvari Z, Bagi Z, Feher A, Recchia FA, Sonntag WE, Pearson K, de Cabo R, Csiszar A (2010) Resveratrol confers endothelial protection via activation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 299:H18–H24

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Virtamo J, Rapola JM, Ripati S, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, Albanes D, Huttunen JK (1998) Effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of primary nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 158:668–675

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vivekananthan DP, Penn MS, Sapp SK, Hsu A, Topol EJ (2003) Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Lancet 361:2017–2023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Strandgaard S, Iversen J, Wilcox CS (2009) Asymmetric dimethylarginine, oxidative stress, and vascular nitric oxide synthase in essential hypertension. Am J Physiol 296:R195–R200

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss D, Kools JJ, Taylor WR (2001) Angiotensin II-induced hypertension accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Circulation 103:448–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Welch WJ, Chabrashvili T, Solis G, Chen Y, Gill PS, Aslam S, Wang X, Ji H, Sandberg K, Jose P et al (2006) Role of extracellular superoxide dismutase in the mouse angiotensin slow pressor response. Hypertension 48:934–941

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Widder JD, Guzik TJ, Mueller CFH, Clempus RE, Schmidt HHHW, Dikalov SI, Griendling KK, Jones DP, Harrison DG (2007) Role of the multidrug resistance protein-1 in hypertension and vascular dysfunction caused by angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27:762–768

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox CS, Pearlman A (2008) Chemistry and antihypertensive effects of tempol and other nitroxides. Pharmacol Rev 60:418–469

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu H, Perez-Cuevas R, Xiong X, Reyes H, Roy C, Julien P, Smith G, von Dadelszen P, Leduc L, Audibert F et al (2010) An international trial of antioxidants in the prevention of preeclampsia (INTAPP). Am J Obstet Gynecol 202:239.e1–239.e10

    Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, Bosch J, Sleight P (2000a) Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 342:154–160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G (2000b) Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme, ramipril, on cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 342:145–153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zureik M, Galan P, Bertrais S, Mennen L, Czernichow S, Blacher J, Ducimetière P, Hercberg S (2004) Effects of long-term daily low-dose supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals on structure and function of large arteries. Arterioscler Throm Vasc Biol 24:1485–1491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Studies from the author’s laboratory were supported by funds from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [Grants 37917, 82790] and a Canada Research Chair (CRC) from the CIHR/Government of Canada CRC Program and by the Canada Fund for Innovation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada

    Ernesto L. Schiffrin

Authors
  1. Ernesto L. Schiffrin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ernesto L. Schiffrin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Ismail Laher

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Schiffrin, E.L. (2014). Reactive Oxygen Species in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis. In: Laher, I. (eds) Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_58

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation