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Risk Factors, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease

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Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants

Abstract

Oxidative stress may be defined as an accumulation of oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species) above the capacity of a cell to utilize antioxidant systems to detoxify these potentially damaging molecules. This phenomenon is a common feature of many human disorders including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a prevalent disorder which is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Many of the risk factors associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease involve an elevated oxidative stress burden, either due to enhanced free radical formation or decreased antioxidant protection. These modify and promote the activities of cells involved in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and lead to disease initiation and progression. This chapter provides an overview of the role oxidative stress plays in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and describes how some of the modifiable risk factors (smoking, diet, and aging) regulate the oxidative stress burden and influence cardiovascular disease likelihood. The potential for protecting against cardiovascular disease by modifying antioxidant status through lifestyle changes (e.g., exercise) or dietary supplementation will also be discussed.

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Acknowledgment

The author would like to thank Jason Adamson for expertly contributing the artwork in Fig. 34.1 of this chapter.

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  1. British American Tobacco, Group Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton, UK

    Ian M. Fearon

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Correspondence to Ian M. Fearon .

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Ismail Laher

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Fearon, I.M. (2014). Risk Factors, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Laher, I. (eds) Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_46

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