Skip to main content

Pharynx and Esophagus: Barium Studies and Fluoroscopic Evaluation

  • Reference work entry
Abdominal Imaging

Abstract

With advances in cross-sectional imaging techniques and endoscopy in recent years, barium studies have decreased in volume overall; however, fluoroscopic studies remain a relatively inexpensive, safe, and readily available means for evaluation of the pharynx and esophagus (Gelfand et al. 1987; DiSantis 2008). Despite the decline in overall numbers of fluoroscopic procedures performed, the numbers of esophagrams and swallowing studies have actually increased (DiSantis 2008). The esophagram can provide necessary information about the morphology and function of the pharynx and esophagus (Ott et al. 1989). In addition to detailed anatomic and mucosal detail, esophageal motility can be assessed and gastroesophageal reflux diagnosed (Pan et al. 2003). The modified barium swallow provides information about a patient’s swallowing function and dietary requirements, especially for stroke and head trauma patients (Jones 2008).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 1,099.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agha FP. Transient intraluminal diverticulum of the esophagus: a significant flow artifact. Gastrointest Radiol. 1984; 9(2):99–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balfe DM, Heiken JP. Contrast evaluation of structural lesions of the pharynx. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 1986;15(2):73–160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balfe DM, Koehler RE, et al. Routine air-contrast esophagography during upper gastrointestinal examinations. Radiology. 1981;139(3):739–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buecker A, Wein BB, et al. Esophageal perforation: comparison of use of aqueous and barium-containing contrast media. Radiology. 1997;202(3):683–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YM, Ott DJ, et al. Multiphasic examination of the esophagogastric region for strictures, rings, and hiatal hernia: evaluation of the individual techniques. Gastrointest Radiol. 1985;10(4):311–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho SR, Henry DA, et al. Vanishing intraluminal diverticulum of the esophagus. Gastrointest Radiol. 1982;7(4):315–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dachman AH, Levine MS. Radiology of the esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1991;20(4):635–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker W, Op den Orth JO. Biphasic radiologic examination and endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A comparative study. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1988;10(4):461–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiSantis DJ. Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy: what are we still doing? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(5):1480–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dodds WJ, Stewart ET, et al. Appropriate contrast media for evaluation of esophageal disruption. Radiology. 1982; 144(2):439–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dodds WJ, Stewart ET, et al. Physiology and radiology of the normal oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;154(5):953–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foley MJ, Ghahremani GG, et al. Reappraisal of contrast media used to detect upper gastrointestinal perforations: comparison of ionic water-soluble media with barium sulfate. Radiology. 1982;144(2):231–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frederick MG, Ott DJ, et al. Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy in difficult patients. Appl Radiol. 1997;26:12–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand DW. The multiphasic upper gastrointestinal examination. Radiol Clin North Am. 1994;32(6):1067–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand DW, Ott DJ, et al. Decreasing numbers of gastrointestinal studies: report of data from 69 radiologic practices. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148(6):1133–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelfand DW, Ott DJ, et al. Compression filming with high-density barium suspensions. Abdom Imaging. 1993; 18(4):320–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gohel VK, Kressel HY, et al. Double-contrast artifacts. Gastrointest Radiol. 1978;3(2):139–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein HM, Dodd GD. Double-contrast examination of the esophagus. Gastrointest Radiol. 1976;1(1):3–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haggar AM, Feczko PJ, et al. Spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux during double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography with glucagon. Gastrointest Radiol. 1982;7(4):319–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hogan WJ, Dodds WJ, et al. Effect of glucagon on esophageal motor function. Gastroenterology. 1975;69(1):160–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones B. Abnormalities of pharyngeal function. In: Gore RM, Levine MS, editors. Textbook of gastrointestinal radiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2008. p. 253–69.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jones B, Donner MW. Examination of the patient with dysphagia. Radiology. 1988;167(2):319–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones B, Ravich WJ, et al. Pharyngoesophageal interrelationships: observations and working concepts. Gastrointest Radiol. 1985;10(3):225–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laufer I, Levine MS. Barium studies: principles of double-contrast diagnosis. In: Gore RM, Levine MS, editors. Textbook of gastrointestinal radiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2008. p. 37–48.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Levine MS, Rubesin SE. Radiologic investigation of dysphagia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;154(6):1157–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine MS, Kressel HY, et al. The tube esophagram: a technique for obtaining a detailed double-contrast examination of the esophagus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1984;142(2):293–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine MS, Rubesin SE, et al. Double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination: technique and interpretation. Radiology. 1988;168(3):593–602.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maglinte DD, Schultheis TE, et al. Survey of the esophagus during the upper gastrointestinal examination in 500 patients. Radiology. 1983;147(1):65–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maglinte DD, Lappas JC, et al. Flow artifacts in double-contrast esophagography. Radiology. 1985;157(2):535–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott DJ, Gelfand DW. Gastrointestinal contrast agents. Indications, uses, and risks. JAMA. 1983;249(17):2380–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott DJ, Chen YM, et al. Radiographic and endoscopic sensitivity in detecting lower esophageal mucosal ring. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;147(2):261–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott DJ, Chen YM, et al. Esophageal motility: assessment with synchronous video tape fluoroscopy and manometry. Radiology. 1989;173(2):419–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan JJ, Levine MS, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux: comparison of barium studies with 24-h pH monitoring. Eur J Radiol. 2003; 47(2):149–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubesin SE. Pharynx: normal anatomy and examination techniques. In: Gore RM, Levine MS, editors. Textbook of gastrointestinal radiology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2008. p. 235–52.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rubesin SE, Glick SN. The tailored double-contrast pharyngogram. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1988;28(2):133–79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubesin SE, Jones B, et al. Contrast pharyngography: the importance of phonation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987; 148(2):269–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith DF, Ott DJ, et al. Lower esophageal mucosal ring: correlation of referred symptoms with radiographic findings using a marshmallow bolus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998; 171(5):1361–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Summerton SL. Radiographic evaluation of esophageal function. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2005;15(2):231–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laura R. Carucci MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Carucci, L.R. (2013). Pharynx and Esophagus: Barium Studies and Fluoroscopic Evaluation. In: Hamm, B., Ros, P.R. (eds) Abdominal Imaging. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13327-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13327-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-13326-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-13327-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics