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Fragrances and Essential Oils

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Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology

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Abstract

Fragrances are ubiquitous and are present in cosmetics, household products, industrial products and many other applications; they are also used as flavors in foods and drinks.

Contact allergy to fragrance materials is frequent, both in the general population (2–3.5%) and in patients seen by dermatologists for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (10–12%).

Only about half of the patients with positive patch tests to fragrances have allergic contact dermatitis from these materials or have a history of a rash from scented products (notably deodorants and fine fragrances).

Frequent fragrance sensitizers include Evernia prunastri (oak moss), Evernia furfuracea (tree moss), hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, isoeugenol, cinnamal, and farnesol.

Linalool and limonene may well be frequent sensitizers, but contact allergy is detected only when oxidized patch test materials are used (which is currently not the case).

Fragrances are not important occupational sensitizers; in the case of eczema of the hands, fragrance allergy may complicate previous irritant or atopic hand dermatitis from their presence in cleansers, hand lotions, etc.

Essential oils are not important occupational sensitizers, but contact allergy may increasingly be detected in aromatherapists and physiotherapists. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from oil of cinnamon has been reported in bakers, candy makers, cooks, grocers, confectioners, and housewives.

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  1. Acdegroot publishing, Schipslootweg 5, 8351 HV, Wapserveen, The Netherlands

    Dr. Anton C. de Groot MD, PhD

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  1. Dr. Anton C. de Groot MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Anton C. de Groot MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology and Allergology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Thomas Rustemeyer

  2. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany

    Peter Elsner

  3. Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany

    Swen-Malte John

  4. Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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de Groot, A.C. (2012). Fragrances and Essential Oils. In: Rustemeyer, T., Elsner, P., John, SM., Maibach, H.I. (eds) Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02035-3_40

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