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Potassium

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Pediatric Nephrology

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Abstract

Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation. Approximately 98% of the total body potassium content is located within cells, primarily muscle, where its concentration ranges from 100–150 mEq/L; the remaining 2% resides in the extracellular fluid, where the potassium concentration is tightly regulated within a narrow range (3.5–5.0 mEq/L in the adult). The ratio of the intra- to extracellular potassium concentration determines, in large part, the resting membrane potential, and is thus critical for normal function of electrically excitable cells, including nerve and muscle. Maintenance of a high intracellular potassium concentration is essential for many cellular processes, including DNA and protein synthesis, cell growth and apoptosis, mitochondrial enzyme function, and conservation of cell volume and pH (1–7). Because of the many vital processes dependent on potassium homeostasis, multiple complex and efficient mechanisms have developed to regulate total potassium balance and distribution.

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  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Lisa M. Satlin

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA

    Ellis Avner (Director, Children's Research Institute, CHHS, Associate Dean for Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology) (Director, Children's Research Institute, CHHS, Associate Dean for Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology)

  2. Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA

    William Harmon (Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Pediatric Nephrology) (Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Pediatric Nephrology)

  3. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker‐Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743, Paris Cedex 15, France

    Patrick Niaudet

  4. Department of Pediatrics Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, 641–8510811–1, Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Japan

    Norishige Yoshikawa (Professor and Chair Pediatrician‐in‐Chief) (Professor and Chair Pediatrician‐in‐Chief)

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Satlin, L.M. (2009). Potassium. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-76327-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-76341-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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