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Functional Topography of the Human Cerebellum Revealed by Functional Neuroimaging Studies

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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

Abstract

Functional imaging studies in healthy controls report cerebellar activation during a wide range of tasks, from motor execution (finger tapping, motor learning, smooth pursuit eye movements) to higher-level cognitive tasks (Tower of London, working memory paradigms, verbal fluency) in which motor responses are eliminated or controlled for. The anatomical connections between the cerebellum, the spinal cord, and sensorimotor and association areas of the cerebral cortex suggest a functional topography exists within the human cerebellum, such that different cerebellar regions are part of distributed spino-cerebellar and cerebro-cerebellar circuits. This topography is supported by data from human functional imaging studies, in which regional activation patterns differ for sensorimotor vs. cognitive and affective task paradigms. Here we review these neuroimaging data and consider both cross-task comparisons and within-task topography. We argue that cerebellar activation patterns are related to the specific demands of a given task, and the localization of the activation patterns reflects the engagement of different cerebro-cerebellar networks. Establishing cerebellar functional topography in humans has important implications for the interpretation of functional imaging data, the understanding of clinical outcomes in cerebellar damage or disease, and the broader understanding of the role of the cerebellum in motor and nonmotor functions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, USA

    Catherine J. Stoodley

  2. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    John E. Desmond

  3. Ataxia Center, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Xavier Guell & Jeremy D. Schmahmann

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  1. Catherine J. Stoodley
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  2. John E. Desmond
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  3. Xavier Guell
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  4. Jeremy D. Schmahmann
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Catherine J. Stoodley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bruxelles, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  2. Scripps Research Institute Dept. Neuropharmacology, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Donna Gruol

  3. Dept. Neurology, Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy Schmahmann

  4. Gunma University Dept. Integrative Physiology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

  5. Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Baylor College of Medicine Dept Pathology & Immunology & Neuro, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy Sillitoe

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

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Stoodley, C.J., Desmond, J.E., Guell, X., Schmahmann, J.D. (2021). Functional Topography of the Human Cerebellum Revealed by Functional Neuroimaging Studies. In: Manto, M., Gruol, D., Schmahmann, J., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_30-2

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