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Enhanced Oil Recovery

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Book cover Functional Polymers

Part of the book series: Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series ((POPOC))

Abstract

Worldwide energy demand has been increased in last few decades, and it is expected that it will increase up to 50% by the end of next decade. Oil and gas were major sources of energy in past, and it is expected that it will remain the primary source of energy in next few decades. Therefore, efforts are being made to upgrade drilling, completion, workover, and production operations to maximize the oil recovery at a lower cost. In last few decades, water-soluble polymers have been extensively used in different gas and oilfield applications. In the present chapter, we discuss the various types of polymeric systems that have been applied in various oilfield applications. These applications are mainly enhanced oil recovery, drilling fluids, and kinetic gas hydrate inhibition. Properties required for each application are also discussed and related to the chemical structure of the polymer.

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Abbreviations

AAs:

Antiagglomerates

AM:

Acrylamide

AMPS:

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid

API:

American Petroleum Institute

ASP:

Alkali-surfactant-polymer

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

CMC:

Carboxymethylcellulose

EOR:

Enhanced Oil Recovery

HAPAM:

Hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide

HEC:

Hydroxyethylcellulose

HPAM:

Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide

HP-μDSC:

High-pressure microdifferential scanning calorimetry

HTHS:

High-temperature high-salinity

IEP:

Isoelectric point

k :

Permeability

KHIs:

Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (), and

k o :

Permeability of oil

k w :

Permeability of water

MD:

Molecular dynamic

PAM:

Polyacrylamide

PEO:

Polyethylene oxide

PVCap:

Poly(vinyl caprolactam)

PVIMA:

Poly (N-methyl,N-vinylacetamide)

PVP:

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

sI:

Structure I

sII:

Structure II

sIII:

Structure III

SP:

Surfactant-polymer

sT:

Structure T

ta:

Hydrate plug formation time

THIs:

Thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors

ti:

Induction time

VIMA:

N-methyl,N-vinylacetamide

VP:

Vinylpyrrolidone

μ:

Viscosity

μo:

Viscosity of oil

μw:

Viscosity of water

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Shahzad Kamal & Abdullah S. Sultan

  2. Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Shahzad Kamal

  3. Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah S. Sultan

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  1. Muhammad Shahzad Kamal
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  1. Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder

  2. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Heather Sheardown

  3. Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Amir Al-Ahmed

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Shahzad Kamal, M., Sultan, A.S. (2019). Enhanced Oil Recovery. In: Jafar Mazumder, M., Sheardown, H., Al-Ahmed, A. (eds) Functional Polymers. Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95987-0_29

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