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Shape-Memory Polymers

  • Reference work entry
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Functional Polymers

Part of the book series: Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series ((POPOC))

Abstract

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are stimuli-sensitive materials capable of changing their shape on demand. A shape-memory function is a result of the polymer architecture together with the application of a specific programming procedure. Various possible mechanisms to induce the shape-memory effect (SME) can be realized, which can be based on thermal transitions of switching domains or on reversible molecular switches (e.g., supramolecular interactions, reversible covalent bonds). Netpoints, which connect the switching domains and determine the permanent shape, can be either provided by covalent bonds or by physical intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or crystallites. This chapter reviews different ways of implementing the phenomenon of programmable changes in the polymer shape, including the one-way shape-memory effect (1-W SME), triple- and multi-shape effects (TSE/MSE), the temperature-memory effect (TME), and reversible shape-memory effects, which can be realized in constant stress conditions (rSME), or in stress-free conditions (reversible bidirectional shape-memory effect (rbSME)). Furthermore, magnetically actuated SMPs and shape-memory hydrogels (SMHs) are described to show the potential of the SMP technology in biomedical applications and multifunctional approaches.

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Abbreviations

1-W SME:

One-way shape-memory effect

AD:

Actuator domains

Alg:

Alginate

AMF:

Alternating magnetic field

BA:

n-Butyl acrylate

BD:

1,4-Butanediol

BHECA:

N,N-bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) cinnamamide

BM:

1,1â€Č-(Methylenedi-p-phenylene)bismaleimide

CA:

Cinnamic acid

CAA:

Cynnamylidien acetic acid

CD:

Cyclodextrine

CIE:

Crystallization-induced elongation

CLEG:

Copolymer network from PCL with grafted PEG segments

CMF:

Cavitation-based mechanical force

cPEVA:

Covalently crosslinked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)]

CTB:

Carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene

DA:

Diels-Alder reaction

DETA:

Diethylenetriamine

DMPA:

Dimethylolpropionic acid

Gly:

Glycine

H :

Magnetic field strength

H def :

Deformation magnetic field strength

HDI:

Hexamethylene diisocyanate

HEA-CA:

Ethyleneglycol-1-acrylate-2-CA

HEMA:

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate

H high :

High magnetic field strength

H low :

Low magnetic field strength

H-NC:

Hybrid nanocomposite

H sw :

Switching magnetic field strength

H σ,max :

Magnetic field strength at maximum stress generated

IPN:

Interpenetrating polymer network

IR:

Infrared

LU:

Low frequency ultrasound

MACL:

Copolymer of PCL and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)

MDI:

4,4â€Č-Diphenylmethane diisocyanate

MIC:

Melting-induced contraction

MME:

Magnetic-memory effect

MNP:

Magnetic nanoparticles

MSE:

Multi-shape effect

PBA:

Poly(butylene adipate)

PCHMA:

Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)

PCL:

Poly(Δ-caprolactone)

PDC:

Multiblock copolymer from PPDO and PCL

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PEGDA:

Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate

PET:

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

PEU:

Poly(ester-urethane)

PEVA:

Poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)]

PHEG-Cn:

Poly[N5-(2-hydroxyethyl) L-glutamine] with alkyl side chains -CnH2n+1

PLA:

Polylactide

PLLA:

Poly(L-lactide)

PPDL:

Poly(ω-pentadecalactone)

PPDL-PCL:

Multiblock copolymer from PPDL and PCL

PPDO:

Poly(p-dioxanone)

PPGDMA:

Poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate

PS:

Polystyrene

PSVP:

Poly[styrene-co-(4-vinylpyridine)]

PTMG:

Poly(tetramethylene glycol)

PUR:

Polyurethane

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Q ef :

Deformation fixation efficiency

rbSME:

Reversible bidirectional shape-memory effect

r-DA:

Retro-Diels-Alder

R f :

Shape fixity ratio

Rh-PCBs:

Rhodium-phosphine coordination bonds

rmag-SME:

Magnetically controlled rSME

R r :

Shape recovery ratio

rSME:

Reversible shape-memory effect

S/V :

Surface-to-volume ratio

SAXS:

Small-angle X-ray scattering

SGD:

Shape shifting geometry domains

SME:

Shape-memory effect

SMH:

Shape-memory hydrogel

SMP:

Shape-memory polymer

sNP:

Silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles

T act :

Actuation temperature

T d :

Deformation temperature

T env :

Environmental temperature

TFX:

Polyetherurethane prepared from MDI, BD, and PTMG

T g :

Glass transition temperature

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

T high :

Highest temperature in the course of shape-memory programming

T low :

Lowest temperature in the course of shape-memory programming

T m :

Melting transition temperature

TME:

Temperature-memory effect

TMPA:

Temperature-memory polymer actuator

T perm :

Highest thermal transition temperature of a thermoplastic material at which the domains acting as physical crosslinks melt

TSE:

Triple-shape effect

TSP:

Triple-shape polymer

TSPC:

Triple-shape polymeric composites

T sw :

Switching temperature

T trans :

Thermal transition temperature

T u :

Unloading temperature

T σ,max :

Temperature determined at the maximum of recovery stress

UPy:

2-Ureido-4-pyrimidinone

UV:

Ultraviolet

ZnCTB:

Zinc salt of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene

ZnOl:

Zinc oleate

ÎČ-CD:

ÎČ-Cyclodextrin

Δâ€Črev:

Reversible elongation

Δ m :

Maximum deformation

Δ p :

Strain of the sample after recovery to the permanent shape

Δu(N):

Free state deformation after cooling

λ :

Wave length

σ max :

Recovery stress

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Helmholtz-Association through programme-oriented funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany

    Magdalena Mazurek-BudzyƄska, Muhammad Yasar Razzaq, Marc Behl & Andreas Lendlein

  2. Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

    Andreas Lendlein

Authors
  1. Magdalena Mazurek-BudzyƄska
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  2. Muhammad Yasar Razzaq
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  3. Marc Behl
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  4. Andreas Lendlein
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Lendlein .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder

  2. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Heather Sheardown

  3. Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Amir Al-Ahmed

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Mazurek-BudzyƄska, M., Razzaq, M.Y., Behl, M., Lendlein, A. (2019). Shape-Memory Polymers. In: Jafar Mazumder, M., Sheardown, H., Al-Ahmed, A. (eds) Functional Polymers. Polymers and Polymeric Composites: A Reference Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95987-0_18

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