Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Feminist Theories in Criminology and the Application to Cybercrimes

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance

Abstract

Feminist theories and perspectives place gender at the center of discourse and analysis. This chapter examines feminist theories and perspectives in the field of criminology. Basic concepts/content central to such studies (e.g., sex, gender, “doing gender,” intersectionality) are reviewed, and the development of feminist work and social movements as related to crime is discussed. The chapter follows with an overview of various feminist theories and articulates principles of each, along with how they have enriched criminological thought. The chapter subsequently highlights the application of feminist theories to technologically-perpetrated and technologically-facilitated crimes including “revenge pornography” and image-based abuse, online harassment and e-bile, hacking and hacktivism, and hate crime transgressions. By studying sex, gender, and power dynamics, in combination with other micro- and macro-level factors, a more holistic understanding of various offenses is offered. Importantly, the chapter also draws attention to how feminist thought shapes implications for research and practice. It closes by emphasizing the need for integrating feminist theories and frameworks into mainstream criminology to continue advancing what we know about victimization, offending, and practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 499.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adler, F. (1975). Sisters in crime: The rise of the new female criminal. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychological Association. (2018). APA guidelines for psychological practice with boys and men. https://www.apa.org/about/policy/boys-men-practice-guidelines.pdf

  • Andersen, M., & Collins, P. H. (1994). Race, class, and gender: An anthology. Belmont: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, M., & Collins, P. H. (2001). Introduction. In M. Andersen & P. H. Collins (Eds.), Race, class and gender: An anthology (4th ed., pp. 1–9). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K. L., & Umberson, D. (2001). Gendering violence: Masculinity and power in men’s accounts of domestic violence. Gender and Society, 15(3), 358–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balfour, G. (2006). Re-imagining a feminist criminology. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 48(5), 735–752.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banet-Weiser, S., & Miltner, K. M. (2016). # MasculinitySoFragile: Culture, structure, and networked misogyny. Feminist Media Studies, 16(1), 171–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, S. (2017). Revenge porn and mental health: A qualitative analysis of the mental health effects of revenge porn on female survivors. Feminist Criminology, 12(1), 22–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085116654565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baum, K., Catalano, S., Rand, M., & Rose, K. (2009). Stalking victimization in the United States. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belknap, J. (1996). Invisible woman. Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-15870-6 or Belknap, J. (2001). The invisible woman: Gender, crime, and justice (2nd ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belknap, J. (2015). Activist criminology: Criminologists’ responsibility to advocate for social and legal justice. Criminology, 53(1), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blevins, K. (2018). Bell hooks and consciousness-raising: Argument for a fourth wave of feminism. In J. R. Vickery & T. Everbach (Eds.), ∗Mediating misogyny: Gender, technology, & harassment. Denton: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breiding, M. J., Chen, J., & Black, M. C. (2014). Intimate partner violence in the United States--2010. Atlanta: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

    Google Scholar 

  • Britton, D. M. (2000). Feminism in criminology: Engendering the outlaw (PDF). Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 571, Feminist Views of the Social Sciences, 57–76. Sage. Retrieved 27 July 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, A., Miller, B., & Maguin, E. (1999). Prevalence and severity of lifetime physical and sexual victimization among incarcerated women. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 22, 301–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burgess-Proctor, A. (2006). Intersections of race, class, gender, and crime: Future directions for feminist criminology. Feminist Criminology, 1(1), 27–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, J. E., Swan, S. C., & Woodbrown, V. D. (2012). Gender differences in intimate partner violence outcomes. Psychology of Violence, 2(1), 42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, R., & Wasco, S. M. (2000). Feminist approaches to social science: Epistemological and methodological tenets. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28(6), 773–791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Center on Extremism. (2018). When women are the enemy: The intersection of misogyny and white supremacy. The Anti-Defamation League. https://www.adl.org/media/11707/download

  • Chesney-Lind, M. (1986). Women and crime: The female offender. Signs, 12, 78–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesney-Lind, M. (1989). Girls’ crime and woman’s place: Toward a feminist model of female delinquency. Crime & Delinquency, 35, 5–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesney-Lind, M. (2006). Patriarchy, crime, and justice: Feminist criminology in an era of backlash. Feminist Criminology, 1(1), 6–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesney-Lind, M., & Chagnon, N. (2016). Criminology, gender, and race: A case study of privilege in the academy. Feminist Criminology, 11(4), 311–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chesney-Lind, M., & Pasko, L. (2004). The female offender: Girls, women, and crime. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chesney-Lind, M., Morash, M., & Stevens, T. (2008). Girls troubles, girls’ delinquency, and gender responsive programming: A review. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 41(1), 162–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H. (1990). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. London: HarperCollins, 221–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, P. H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comack, E. (2006). The feminist engagement with criminology. In G. Balfour & E. Comack (Eds.), Criminalizing women (pp. 22–55). Halifax: Fernwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 9780041500868.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829–859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Counts, D. A., Brown, J., & Campbell, J. (1992). Sanctions and sanctuary: Cultural perspectives on the beating of wives. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Covington, S. S., & Bloom, B. E. (2007). Gender responsive treatment and services in correctional settings. Women & Therapy, 29(3–4), 9–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics (pp. 139–167). Chicago: University of Chicago Legal Forum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. (1991a). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. (1991b). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. In K. Bartlett & R. Kennedy (Eds.), Feminist legal theory (pp. 57–80). Boulder: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly, K., & Chesney-Lind, M. (1988). Feminism and criminology. Justice Quarterly, 5, 497–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. Y. (2011). Women, race, & class. New York: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeKeseredy, W. S. (2011). Feminist contributions to understanding woman abuse: Myths, controversies, and realities. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(4), 297–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denejkina, A. (2018). In Russia, feminist memes buy jail time, but domestic abuse doesn’t. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/11/15/in-russia-feminist-memes-buy-jail-time-but-domestic-abuse-doesnt/

  • Denning, D. E. (2011). In T. Hold & B. Schell (Eds.), Cyber conflict as an emergent social phenomenon, corporate hacking and technology-driven crime: Social dynamics and implications (pp. 170–186). Hershey: IGI Global.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donner, C. M. (2016). The gender gap and cybercrime: An examination of college students’ online offending. Victims & Offenders, 11(4), 556–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dragiewicz, M. (2008). Patriarchy reasserted: Fathers’ rights and anti-VAWA activism. Feminist Criminology, 3, 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085108316731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairbairn, J., & Spencer, D. (2017). Virtualized violence and anonymous juries: Unpacking Steubenville’s “big red” sexual assault case and the role of social media. Feminist Criminology, 13(5), 477–497. 1557085116687032.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faludi, S. (1991). Backlash: The undeclared war against women. New York: Crown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finn, J. (2004). A survey of online harassment at a university campus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 468–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flavin, J. (2001). Feminism for the mainstream criminologist: An invitation. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29(4), 271–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foshee, V. A., Linder, F., MacDougall, J. E., & Bangdiwala, S. (2001). Gender differences in the longitudinal predictors of adolescent dating violence. Preventive Medicine, 32(3), 128–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freyd, J. J. (1997). Violations of power, adaptive blindness, and betrayal trauma theory. Feminism & Psychology, 7, 22–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelsthorpe, L. (2002). Feminism and criminology. In M. Maguire, R. Morgan, & R. Reiner (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of criminology (3rd ed., pp. 112–143). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilfus, M. E. (1992). From victims to survivors to offenders: Women’s routes of entry and immersion into street crime. Women & Criminal Justice, 4(1), 63–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilfus, M. E. (2002). Women’s experiences of abuse as a risk factor for incarceration. Harrisburg: VAWnet, a project of the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence/Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M., & Hearn, J. (2019). Revenge pornography and manhood acts: A discourse analysis of perpetrators’ accounts. Journal of Gender Studies, 28(2), 158–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamberger, L. K. (2005). Men’s and women’s use of intimate partner violence in clinical samples: Toward a gender-sensitive analysis. Violence & Victims, 20, 131–151. https://doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2005.20.2.131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hautzinger, S. (1998). Machos and policewomen, battered women and anti-victims: Combatting violence against women in Brazil. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirdmann, Y. (1996). Key concepts in feminist theory: Analysing gender and welfare (FREIA’s tekstserie, 34). Aalborg: Department of History, International and Social Studies, Aalborg University. https://doi.org/10.5278/freia.14136339.

  • Holt, T. J., & Bossler, A. M. (2008). Examining the applicability of lifestyle-routine activities theory for cybercrime victimization. Deviant Behavior, 30(1), 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • hooks, b. (1984). Feminist theory: From margin to center. Boston: South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins-Doyle, A., Sutton, R. M., Douglas, K. M., & Calogero, R. M. (2018). Flattering to deceive: Why people misunderstand benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116, 167–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, L. (2018). The internet is enabling a community of men who want to kill women. They need to be stopped. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/25/17279294/toronto-massacre-minassian-incels-internet-misogyny

  • Jane, E. A. (2014). “Your a ugly, whorish, slut” understanding E-bile. Feminist Media Studies, 14(4), 531–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerin, R., & Dolinsky, B. (2001). You’ve got mail! You don’t want it: Cyber-victimization and on-line dating. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 9, 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, A. G. (1997). The gender knot: Unraveling our patriarchal legacy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karp, D. R. (2010). Unlocking men, unmasking masculinities: Doing men’s work in prison. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 18(1), 63–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J. (2013). Violence against women: It’s a men’s issue. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/jackson_katz_violence_against_women_it_s_a_men_s_issue

  • Killerman, S. (2013). The Genderbread Person, Version 3. It’s Pronounced Metrosexual. Accessed from: https://www.itspronouncedmetrosexual.com/2015/03/the-genderbread-person-v3/

  • Kim, J. (2018). In J. R. Vickery & T. Everbach (Eds.), ∗Mediating misogyny: Gender, technology, & harassment. Denton: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, M. (2014). The gendered society. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, D. K. (1995). Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of Black feminist ideology. In B. Guy-Sheftall (Ed.), Words of fire: An anthology of African American feminist thought (pp. 294–318). New York: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kini, A. N. (2018). Feminists were right: Ignoring online misogyny has deadly consequences. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2018/04/30/feminists-were-right-ignoring-online-misogyny-has-deadly-consequences/?utm_term=.5908762321f8

  • Krolokke, C., & Sorensen, A. S. (2005). Three waves of feminism: From suffragettes to Grrls. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krug, E. G., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., & Zwi, A. B. (2002). The world report on violence and health (pp. 1–346). Geneva: The World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombroso, C., & Ferrero, G. (1895). The female offender (Vol. 1). New York: D. Appleton.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1995). Attitudinal antecedents of rape myth acceptance: A theoretical and empirical reexamination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 704–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, V., & Pasko, L. (2017). Bringing Latinas to the forefront: Latina girls, women, and the justice system. Feminist Criminology, 12(3), 195–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085117703235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lumsden, K., & Morgan, H. (2017). Media framing of trolling and online abuse: Silencing strategies, symbolic violence, and victim blaming. Feminist Media Studies, 17(6), 926–940.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, D. (2014). Socialist feminism and triple oppression: Claudia Jones and African American women in American Communism. Journal for the Study of Radicalism, 8(2), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, C. A. (1989). Toward a feminist theory of the state. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Male Supremacy. (2018). The Southern Poverty Law Center. https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/male-supremacy

  • Mann, S. A., & Grimes, M. D. (2001). Common and contested ground: Marxism and race, gender and class analysis. Race, Gender and Class, 8(2), 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantilla, K. (2015). Gendertrolling: Gendertrolling: How misogyny went viral. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., & Ricketts, M. L. (2010). Potential factors of online victimization of youth: An examination of adolescent online behaviors utilizing routine activity theory. Deviant Behavior, 31(5), 381–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marganski, A. (2018). Feminist theory and technocrime: Examining online harassment, stalking, and gender violence in contemporary society. In K. F. Steinmetz & M. R. Nobles (Eds.), Technocrime and criminological theory. Boca Raton: Routledge/CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marganski, A., & Fauth, K. (2013). Socially interactive technology and contemporary dating: a cross-cultural exploration of deviant behaviors among young adults in the modern, evolving technological world. International Criminal Justice Review, 23(4), 357–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marganski, A., & Melander, L. (2018). Intimate partner violence victimization in the cyber and real world: Examining the extent of cyber aggression experiences and its association with in-person dating violence. Journal of interpersonal violence, 33(7), 1071–1095. 0886260515614283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ménard, K. S., & Pincus, A. L. (2012). Predicting overt and cyber stalking perpetration by male and female college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(11), 2183–2207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merry, S. E. (2009). Gender violence: A cultural perspective. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Messerschmidt, J. W. (1986). Capitalism, patriarchy, and crime: Toward a socialist feminist criminology. Totowa: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Messerschmidt, J. W. (1997). Crime as structured social action: Gender, race, class and crime in the making. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. (2014). Feminist criminology. In M. Schwartz & S. Hatty (Eds.), Controversies in critical criminology (pp. 15–27). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J., & Mullins, C. W. (2006). The status of feminist theories in criminology. In F. T. Cullen, J. Wright, & K. Blevins (Eds.), Taking stock: The status of criminological theory (pp. 217–249). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morash, M. (2006). Understanding gender, crime, and justice. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morash, M. (2017). Feminist theories of crime. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, (2016). Father who repeatedly raped daughter told police ‘it was fun while it lasted’, court hears. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/father-who-repeatedly-raped-daughter-told-police-it-was-fun-while-it-lasted-court-hears-a7098236.html

  • Naffine, N. (1997). Feminism and criminology. Malden: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanda, S. (1986). The Hijras of India: Cultural and individual dimensions of an institutionalized third gender role. Journal of Homosexuality, 11(3–4), 35–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ng, A. (2019). Cyberstalkers are crowdsourcing danger to victims’ doorsteps with dating apps. CNET. https://www.cnet.com/news/cyberstalkers-are-crowdsourcing-danger-to-victims-doorsteps-with-dating-apps/

  • Nobles, M. R., Reyns, B. W., Fox, K. A., & Fisher, B. S. (2014). Protection against pursuit: A conceptual and empirical comparison of cyberstalking and stalking victimization among a national sample. Justice Quarterly, 31(6), 986–1014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North, A. (2018). How mass shooters practice their hate online. Vox. https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/10/31/18039294/scott-beierle-tallahassee-shooting-pittsburgh-gab

  • Owen, B. (1998). “In the mix”: Struggle and survival in a women’s prison. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pence, E., & Paymar, M. (1993). Education groups for men who batter: The Duluth model. New York: Springer Publishing Company.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Phelan, M. B., Hamberger, L., Guse, C., Edwards, S., Walczak, S., & Zosel, A. (2005). Domestic violence among male and female patients seeking emergency medical services. Violence & Victims, 20, 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2005.20.2.187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, H. (2006). An argument for black feminist criminology: Understanding African American women’s experiences with intimate partner abuse using an integrated approach. Feminist Criminology, 1(2), 106–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radcliffe, K., Scott, J., & Werner, A. (2014). Anywhere but here: Black intellectuals in the Atlantic world and beyond. Jackson: University of Press of Mississippi.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rafter, N. H., & Heidensohn, F. (Eds.). (1995). International feminist perspectives in criminology: Engendering a discipline (pp. 1–14). Buckingham: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renzetti, C. M. (2012). Feminist perspectives in criminology, Ch. 9. In W. DeKeseredy & M. Dragiewicz (Eds.), Routledge handbook of critical criminology (pp. 129–137). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Renzetti, C. M. (2013). Feminist criminology. New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reyns, B. W., Henson, B., & Fisher, B. S. (2011). Being pursued online: Applying cyberlifestyle–routine activities theory to cyberstalking victimization. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(11), 1149–1169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reyns, B. W., Henson, B., & Fisher, B. S. (2012). Stalking in the twilight zone: Extent of cyberstalking victimization and offending among college students. Deviant Behavior, 33, 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ringrose, J., Gill, R., Livingstone, S., & Harvey, L. (2012). A qualitative study of children, young people and ‘sexting’: A report prepared for the NSPCC. London: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risman, B. J. (2004). Gender as social structure: Theory wrestling with activism. Gender & Society, 18, 429–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saar, M. S., Epstein, R., Rosenthal, L., & Vafa, Y. (2015). The sexual abuse to prison pipeline: The girls’ story. Human rights project for girls, Center on Poverty and Inequality, Georgetown Law. http://rights4girls.org/wp-content/uploads/r4g/2015/02/2015_COP_sexual-abuse_layout_web-1.pdf

  • Sarkeesian, A. (2012). Image based harassment and visual misogyny. Feminist Frequency. https://feministfrequency.com/2012/07/01/image-based-harassment-and-visual-misogyny/

  • Schell, B. H., & Holt, T. J. (2009). A profile of the demographics, psychological predispositions, and social/behavioral patterns of computer hacker insiders and outsiders. In Online consumer protection: Theories of human relativism (pp. 190–213). Charlotte: IGI Global.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwendinger, J. R., & Schwendinger, H. (1983). Rape and inequality (pp. 178–179). Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, R. J. (1975). Women and crime (pp. 33–47). Lexington: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, S. S. (1989). Feminist theory, crime, and justice. Criminology, 27(4), 605–632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, C. (1976). Women, crime and criminology: A feminist critique. Boston: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith-Spark, L. (2018). Saudi Arabia tortured activists including women, rights groups claim. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/21/middleeast/saudi-arabia-detainee-abuse-claim-intl/index.html

  • Sokoloff, N. J., & Dupont, I. (2005). Domestic violence at the intersections of race, class, and gender: Challenges and contributions to understanding violence against marginalized women in diverse communities. Violence Against Women, 11(1), 38–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sterling, B. (1994). The hacker crackdown: Law and disorder on the electronic frontier. New York, NY: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanczer, L. M. (2016). Hacktivism and the male-only stereotype. New Media & Society, 18(8), 1599–1615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tandon, N., & Pritchard, S. (2015). Cyber violence against women and girls: A world-wide wake-up call. UN Women, UNDP and ITU. Accessed from: https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/genderreport2015final.pdf

  • Taylor, P. (2003). Maestros or misogynists? Gender and the social construction of hacking. In Y. Jewkes (Ed.), Dot.cons: Crime, deviance and identity on the Internet (pp. 134–154). Cullompton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Baak, C., & Hayes, B. (2018). Correlates of cyberstalking victimization and perpetration among college students. Violence & Victims, 33(60), 1036–1054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walton, M. A., Cunningham, R., Chermack, S., Maio, R., Blow, F., & Weber, J. (2007). Correlates of violence history among injured patients in an urban emergency department: Gender, substance use, and depression. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 26, 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1300/J069v26n03_07.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO). (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva 27, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yar, M. (2005). Computer hacking: Just another case of juvenile delinquency? The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(4), 387–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, R., Zhang, L., & Prybutok, V. R. (2007). Hacking into the minds of hackers. Information Systems Management, 24(4), 281–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaleski, K. L., Gundersen, K. K., Baes, J., Estupinian, E., & Vergara, A. (2016). Exploring rape culture in social media forums. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 922–927.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Alison J. Marganski

Authors
  1. Alison J. Marganski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alison J. Marganski .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Social Science, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

    Thomas J. Holt

  2. Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA

    Adam M. Bossler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Marganski, A.J. (2020). Feminist Theories in Criminology and the Application to Cybercrimes. In: Holt, T., Bossler, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of International Cybercrime and Cyberdeviance. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78440-3_28

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation