Abstract
This chapter explores ethical aspects of research in a field within linguistics that has developed in just the last several decades: “Language Maintenance and Revitalization.” According to Austin and Sallabank (Cambridge handbook of endangered languages. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011), currently, about 7000 languages are spoken worldwide, and 50–70% of them will be extinct by 2020. The latest version of the online UNESCO Atlas (2010) captured about 2500 endangered languages out of an estimated total of 3000. The field of endangered languages has attracted wide attention from linguists as well as general public for the last several decades. This chapter focuses on aspects of ethical research surrounding the Indigenous language maintenance and revitalization area, in particular regarding the aspect of participants’ language ownership, highlighting some of the core ethical aspects by examining the history of community practices and community-based research.
References
Akumbu PW (2018) Babanki literacy classes and community-based language research. In: Bischoff S, Jane C (eds) Insights from practices in community-based research: from theory to practice around the globe. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, pp 266–279
American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2017) The future of undergraduate education: the future of America. Final report and recommendations from the commission on the future of undergraduate education, Cambridge, MA
Austin P (2010) Communities, ethics and rights in language documentation. In: Austin P (ed) Language documentation and description, vol 7. School of Oriental and African Studies, London, pp 34–54
Austin P, Sallabank J (2011) Cambridge handbook of endangered languages. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Bath H (2008) The three pillars of trauma-informed care. Reclaiming Children and Youth 17(3):17–21
Bianco JL (2015) Ethical dilemmas and LP advising. In: De Costa PI (ed) Ethics in applied linguistics research. Routledge, New York, pp 83–100
Bischoff ST, Jany C (eds) (2018) Insights from practices in community-based research: from theory to practice around the globe. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin
Cameron D, Frazer E, Harvey P, Rampton MBH, Richardson K (1992) Researching language: issue of power and method. Routledge, London
Chirkova K (2018) Revitalization of Duoxu. In: Hinton L, Huss L, Roche G (eds) The Routledge handbook of language revitalization. Routledge, New York, pp 446–454
Denzin NK (2003) Performance ethnography: critical pedagogy and the politics of culture. Sage, Thousand Oaks
Denzin NK (2010) Grounded and indigenous theories and the politics of pragmatism. Sociol Inq 80(2):296–312
Eckert P (2015) Ethics in linguistic research. In: Podesva R, Sharma D (eds) Research methods in linguistics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 11–26
Fishman JA (1991) Reversing language shift: theoretical and empirical foundations of assistance to threatened languages. Multilingual Matters, Clevedon
Fitzgerald CM (2007) 2006 presidential address: Indigenous languages and Spanish in the United States: how can/do linguists serve communities? Southwest J Linguist 26(1):1+. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A176592040/AONE?u=s1185784&sid=AONE&xid=da022b5c. Accessed 5 Aug. 2019
Fitzgerald CM (2018) Creating sustainable models of language documentation and revitalization. In: Bischoff S, Jane C (eds) Insights from practices in community-based research: from theory to practice around the globe. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, pp 94–111
Gibbons R, Thomas D, Black G (2002) The residential school experience: a century of genocide in the Americas. Mayhew: University of Washington. Native Voices; No Damn Eagles (Firm). Native voices at the University of Washington, Seattle
Himmelmann N (1998) Documentary and descriptive linguistics. Linguistics 36:161–195
Hinton L, Huss L, Roche G (2018) The Routledge handbook of language revitalization. Routledge, New York
Holkup PA, Tripp-Reimer T, Salois EM, Weinert C (2009) Community-based participatory research: an approach to intervention research with a native American community. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 27(3):162–175
Hornberger NH (2011) Dell H. Hymes: his scholarship and legacy in anthropology and education. Anthropol Educ Q 42(4):310–318
Hymes D (1996) Ethnography, linguistics, narrative inequality: toward an understanding of voice. Taylor and Francis, London
Kono N (2010) Gifts of master-apprenticeship: development of the revitalizing endangered indigenous languages (REIL) certificates. In: Galla CK (ed) American Indian language development institute: thirty year tradition of speaking from our heart. American Indian Language Development Institute. University of Arizona, Tucson
Kono N (2013) Ethics in research. In: Chapelle CA (ed) The encyclopedia of applied linguistics, vol 4. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp 2014–2024
Kramsch C, Whiteside A (2007) Three fundamental concepts in second language acquisition and their relevance in multilingual contexts. Mod Lang J 91(5):907–922
Kroskrity PV, Field MC (eds) (2009) Native American language ideologies: beliefs, practices, and struggles in Indian Country. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson
Leonard WY, Haynes E (2010) Making “collaborative” relationship collaborative: an examination of perspectives of that frame linguistic field research. Lang Doc Con 4(2010):268–293
Mercier A (2014) Trauma-informed research and planning: understanding government and urban native community partnerships to addressing substance-exposed pregnancies in Portland, OR. Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1803
Nind M (2014) What is inclusive research? Bloomsbury Academic, London
Rice K (2006) Ethical issues in linguistic fieldwork: an overview. Journal Acad Ethics 4(Springer):123–155
Rice K (2018) Collaborative research: visions and realities. In: Bischoff S, Jane C (eds) Insights from practices in community-based research: from theory to practice around the globe. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, pp 13–37
San Code of Research Ethics (2017). http://www.globalcodeofconduct.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/San-Code-of-RESEARCH-Ethics-Booklet_English.pdf
Smith LT (1999) Decolonizing methodologies: research and indigenous peoples. Zed Books, London
Thieberger N, Jones C (2017) Indigenous linguistics and cultural heritage ethics policy. ARC Centre of excellence for the dynamics of language. http://www.dynamicsoflanguage.edu.au/research/indigenous-linguistics-and-cultural-heritage-ethics-policy/. Accessed 17 Oct 2018
Thieberger N, Musgrave S (2007) Documentary linguistics and ethical issues. In: Austin PK (ed) Language documentation and description, vol 4. SOAS, London, pp 26–37
Thorne SL, Suelmann S, Charles W (2015) Ethical issues in indigenous language research and interventions. In: De Costa PI (ed) Ethics in applied linguistics research. Routledge, New York, pp 142–160
United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization (2010) UNESCO Atlas of the World languages in danger. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/
Whalen DH, Moss M, Baldwin D (2016) Healing through language: positive physical health effects of indigenous language use. [version 1; referees: 2 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 5:852. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8656.1. Accessed 17 Oct 2018
Yamada R-M (2007) Collaborative linguistic fieldwork: practical application of the empowerment model. Lang Doc Con 1(2):257–282
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kono, N. (2019). Linguistics: Community-based Language Revitalization. In: Iphofen, R. (eds) Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76040-7_45-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76040-7_45-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-76040-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-76040-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities