Skip to main content

Ecosystems

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Book cover The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies
  • 45 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., & Harper, J. L. (2006). Ecology from individuals to ecosystems (4th ed.). Victoria: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-4051-1117-1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berhe, A. A. (2000). Landmines and land degradation: a regional political ecology perspective on the impacts of landmines on environment and development in the developing world. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. In: Mandal, F.B., Chatterjee, C., Ghosh, A. 2011. Ecosystems and human well-being. Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, 8(1), 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blinc, R., Zidans ek, A., & Slaus, I. (2007). Sustainable development and global security. Energy, 32(6), 883–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, S. R., Bennett, E. M., & Peterson, G. D. (2006). Special feature on scenarios for ecosystem services. Ecology and Society. In Mandal, F. B., Chatterjee, C., & Ghosh, A. (2011). Ecosystems and human well-being. Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, 8(1), 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherry, W. A. (1995). What is ecological security? Peace Research, 27(2), 87–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colwell, R. K., & Lees, D. C. (2000). The mid-domain effect: Geometric constraints on the geography of species richness. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15, 70–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eddy, E. (2014). Environmental security. Institutional issues involving ethics and justice. Vol. III. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS).

    Google Scholar 

  • French, W. C. (1994). God and biosphere as superpowers. Peace Review, 6(4), 497–505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedel, M. J. (2011). Climate change effects on ecosystems services in the United States– issues of national and global security. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C, Environmental Security. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1143-3_3.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gaston, K. J. (2000). Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature, 405, 220–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleditsch, N. P. (1998). Armed conflict and the environment: A critique of the literature. Peace Research, 35, 381–400. In Hassan, R., Scholes, R., & Ash, N. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golley, F. B. (1993). A history of ecosystem concept in ecology. New York: Vail-Ballou Press. ISBN: 0-300-05546-3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grunewald, K., & Bastian, O. (2015). Ecosystem services – concept, methods and case studies. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-662-44142-8. In B. Jessel (Ed.) 2011, Ökosystemdienstleistungen. In BBN (Ed.), Frischer Wind und weite Horizonte. Jb Natursch Landschaftspfl, 58, 72–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, R., Scholes, R., & Ash, N. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helmer, O. (1989). Symposium on global security for the twenty-first century: New York, United Nations (1987). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 35(1), 93–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homer-Dixon, T. (1999). Environment, scarcity, and conflict. Princeton: Princeton University Press. In Hassan, R., Scholes, R., & Ash, N. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. (1995). Public support for environmental protection: Objective problems and subjective values in 43 societies. Political Science and Politics, 15, 57–71. In Mandal, F. B., Chatterjee, C., & Ghosh, A. (2011). Ecosystems and human well-being. Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, 8(1), 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jessel, B. (2011). Ökosystemdienstleistungen. In BBN (Ed.) Frischer Wind und weite Horizonte. Jahrbuch für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege, 58, 72–87. In Grunewald, K., & Bastian, O. (2015). Ecosystem services – Concept, methods and case studies. Springer. ISBN: 978-3-662-44142-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen, S. E. (2009). Ecosystem ecology. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-444-53466-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, C. J. (2008). The ecological world view. Collingwood: CSIRO publishing. ISBN: 9780643093805.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal, F. B., Chatterjee, C., & Ghosh, A. (2011). Ecosystems and human well-being. Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, 8(1), 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandal, F. B., & Nandi, N. C. (2009). Biodiversity: Concept, conservation and biofuture. New Delhi: Asian Books Private Limited. XII + 458. In Mandal, F. B., Chatterjee, C., & Ghosh, A. (2011). Ecosystems and human well-being. Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, 8(1), 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, M. (2011). The environment and global security. Global security and international political economy. Vol. I. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meffe, G. K., & Carroll, C. R. (1997). Principles of conservation biology (2nd ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meffe, G. K., Nielsen, L. A., Knight, R. L., & Schenborn, D. A. (2002). Ecosystem management: Adaptive, community-based conservation. Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers, N. (1993). Ultimate security: The environmental basis of political stability. Washington, DC: Island Press. In Hassan, R., Scholes, R., & Ash, N. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, G. C., Bennett, E., Berhe, A. A., Cassman, K., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Dobermann, A., Dobson, A., Janetos, A., Levy, M., Marco, D., Nakicenovic, N., O’Neil, B., Norgaard, R., Petschel-held, G., Ojima, D., Pingali, P., Watson, R., & Zurek, M. (2006). Anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem change: An overview. Ecology and Society, 11(2), 29–58. In Mandal, F. B., Chatterjee, C., & Ghosh, A. (2011). Ecosystems and human well-being. Journal of Environment and Sociobiology, 8(1), 25–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noss, R. F., & Cooperrider, A. (1994). Saving nature’s legacy: Protecting and restoring biodiversity. Defendersof Wildlife and Island Press. Washington, D.C., USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomeroy, L. R., & Alberts, J. J. (1988). Concepts of ecosystem ecology: A comparative view (Vol. 67). New York: Springer. ISBN: 978-1-4612-8373-7.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Randhir, T., & Ekness, P. (2009). Urbanization on watershed habitat potential: A multivariate assessment of thresholds and interactions. Ecohydrology, 2, 88–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, O. J. (2007). Ecology and ecosystem conservation. Island Press. Washington D.C., USA. ISBN: 978-1-59726-048-0.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tansley, A. G. (1935). The use and abuse of vegetational concepts and terms. Ecology, 16(3), 284–307. In Pomeroy, L. R., & Alberts, J. J. (1988). Concepts of ecosystem ecology: A comparative view (Vol. 67). New York: Springer. ISBN: 978-1-4612-8373-7. Also in: Golley, F. B. (1993). A history of ecosystem concept in ecology. New York: Vail-Ballou Press. ISBN: 0-300-05546-3.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haniyeh Nowzari .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Nowzari, H. (2019). Ecosystems. In: Romaniuk, S., Thapa, M., Marton, P. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_396-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_396-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74336-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74336-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Political Science and International StudiesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics