Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Indoor Air Pollution Around Industrial Areas and Its Effect: A Case Study in Delhi City

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of Environmental Materials Management

Abstract

Air pollution a global health problem is a significant issue in developing countries particularly India. As per statistics, 30% of Delhi’s population suffers from respiratory disorders due to air pollution. Indoor air quality has more effects on human health, chiefly due to large amount of time (87%) we spend indoors in modern times. A comprehensive study was performed in two industrial areas (Shahdara and Shahzada Bagh) of Delhi to assess the impact of indoor suspended particulate matter (SPM) on respiratory diseases in children.

General physical examination and systemic examination with special reference to respiratory system was carried out by chest physician. Demographic profile including house condition and environmental factors were collected with the help of questionnaire. Spirometry was performed with the electronic portable spirometer as per recommendations of the American Thoracic Society. Indoor SPM level was measured by the Handy Air Sampler (Low Volume Sampler) with 1 LPM (liter per minute) flow rate. A total of 831 children (59.7% male and 40.3% female) were investigated in Shahdara and Shahzada Bagh industrial areas of Delhi. The mean concentration level of indoor SPM was three times higher than the CPCB standard and seven times higher than the WHO standards. 11.8% children were diagnosed to have asthma of which 14.2% were in Shahdara and 9.6% in Shahzada Bagh. Children were also diagnosed to have rhinitis (38.9%) and upper respiratory tract infection (36.2%) in the both study areas. The mean level of indoor SPM was high in the houses where children had diagnosed to have asthma, rhinitis, and URTI.

The present study concluded that the high concentration level of airborne particulate matter was responsible for the increased number of respiratory diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and URTI in children. It was also concluded that indoor air pollution and the housing location in industrial areas predisposed the children to respiratory infections.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 999.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adamopoulos G, Manolopoulos L, Giotakis I (1995) A comparison of the efficacy and patient acceptability of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal sprays in patients with perennial rhinitis. Clin Otolaryngol 20:340–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Thoracic Society (ATS) Recommendation (1995) Standardization of spirometry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:1107–1136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bascom R et al (1996) Health effects of outdoor air pollution. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:3–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • British Medical Research Council (1960) Standardized questionnaires on respiratory symptoms. Br Med J 2:1665

    Google Scholar 

  • Burney P, Chinn S, Jarvis D (1996) Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, self reported asthma attacks, and use of asthma medication in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Eur Respir J 9:687–695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De MR, Poli A, Ferrari M (2002) The impact of climate and traffic-related NO2 on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy. Clin Exp Allergy 32:1405–1412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dockery DW, Pope CA (1994) Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annu Rev Public Health 15:107–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dockery DW, Pope AP III, Xu X, Spengler JD, Ware JH, Fay ME, Ferris BG, Speizer FE (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 329(24):1753–1759

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellegard A (1996) Cooking fuel smoke and respiratory symptoms among women in low- income areas in Maputo. Environ Health Perspect 104:980–985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ezzati M, Kammen DM (2001) Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in Kenya: an exposure-response study. Lancet 358:619–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris BG (1978) Epidemiology standardization project. Am Rev Respir Dis 118:1–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galan I, Tobias A, Banegas JR, Aranguez E (2003) Short-term effects of air pollution on daily asthma emergency room admissions. Eur Respir J 22:802–808

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giccone G, Forastiere F, Agabiti N (1998) Road traffic and adverse respiratory effects in children. Occup Environ Med 55:771–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grover RS, Kumar R (2008) Exhaled carbon monoxide levels: as a marker of clinical severity and control of asthma. J Asthma 45:677–680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gulliver J, Briggs DJ (2004) Personal exposure to particulate air pollution in transport microenvironments. Atmos Environ 38:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hajat S, Haines A, Atkinson RW, Bremner SA, Anderson HR, Emberlin J (2001) Association between air pollution and daily consultations with general practitioners for allergic rhinitis in London, United Kingdom. Am J Epidemiol 153(7):704–714

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He C, Morawska L, Hitchins J, Gilbert D (2004) Contribution from indoor sources to particle number and mass concentrations in residential houses. Atmos Environ 38:3405–3415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • HEI (2002) HEI perspectives: understanding the health effects of components of the particulate matter mix: progress and next steps. Health Effects Institute. http://www.healtheffects.org/Pubs/Perspectives-2.pdf

  • Horak F Jr et al (2002) Particulate matter and lung function growth in children: a 3-yr follow-up study in Australian schoolchildren. Eur Respir J 19:838–845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howarth PH, Holmberg K (1995) Allergic rhinitis: an increasing clinical problem. Allergy 50:4–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins PL, Phillips TJ, Mulburg JM, Hui SP (1992) Activity patterns of Californians: use of and proximity to indoor pollutant sources. Atmos Environ 34:2603–2612

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones NC, Thornton CA, Mark DA, Harrison RM (2000) Indoor/outdoor relationships of particulate matter in domestic homes with roadside, urban and rural locations. Atmos Environ 34:2603–2612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keil U, Weiland SK, Duhme H, Chambless L (1996) The International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC): objectives and methods; result from German ISAAC centers concerning traffic density and wheezing and allergic rhinitis. Toxicol Lett 86:99–03

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koponen IK, Asmi A, Keronen P, Puhto K, Kulmala M (2001) Indoor air measurement campaign in Helsinki Finland 1999 – the effect of outdoor air pollution on indoor air. Atmos Environ 35:1465–1477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R, Nagar JK, Gaur SN (2005) Indoor air pollutants and respiratory morbidity- a review. Indian J Allergy Asthma Immunol 19(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee HS, Kang BW, Cheong JP, Lee SK (1997) Relationship between indoor and outdoor air quality during the summer season in Korea. Atmos Environ 31:1689–1693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SL, Wong WHS, Lau YL (2006) Association between air pollution and asthma admission among children in Hong Kong. Clin Exp Allergy 36:1138–1146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundback B (1998) Epidemiology of rhinitis and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 28:3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnus P, Jaakkola JJK (1997) Secular trend in the occurrence of asthma among children and young adults. Br Med J 314:1795–1799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell R et al (2003) Prospective study of air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in children with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168:790–797

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (1992) National Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme. Guidelines for management of acute respiratory infections in children. MCH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, National Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyamoto T (1997) Epidemiology of pollution-induced airway disease in Japan. Allergy 52:30–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morand CP, Charpin D, Raherison C, Kopferschmitt C, Caillaud D, Lavaud D, Maesano IA (2005) Long-term exposure to background air pollution related to respiratory and allergic health in schoolchildren. Clin Exp Allergy 35:1279–1287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NEPC (2001) The need for a PM2.5 standard in Australia. National Environmental Protection Council Service Corporation, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey JS, Kumar R, Devotta S (2005) Health risks of NO2, SPM and SO2 in Delhi (India). Atmos Environ 39:6868–6874

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parikh A, Scadding GK (1997) Seasonal allergic rhinitis. Br Med J 314:1392–1395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillip JL, Field R, Goldstone M, Reynolds GL, Lester JN, Perry R (1993) Relationship between indoor and outdoor air quality in four naturally ventilated office in the United Kingdom. Atmos Environ 27A:1743–1753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quiterio SL, Silva CRS, Arbilla G, Escaleira V (2004) Metals in airborne particulate matter in the industrial district of Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, in an annual period. Atmos Environ 38:321–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Sethi GR, Rohtagi A, Chaudhary A, Shankar R, Bapna JS, Joshi V, Sapir DG (1998) Indoor air quality and acute lower respiratory infection in Indian urban slums. Environ Health Perspect 106(5):291–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith KR, Samet JM, Romieu I, Bruce N (2000) Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Thorax 55:518–532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Streit GE, Guzman F (1996) Mexico city air quality: progress of an international collaborative project to define air quality management options. Atmos Environ 30:723–733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1982) Air quality criteria for particulate matter and sulfur oxides. Report EPA-600/8-82-029 a,b,c, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park

    Google Scholar 

  • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1997) Health and environmental effects of particulate matter, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (World Health Organization) (1987) Air quality guidelines for Europe. WHO Reg Publ Eur Ser 23:315–326

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (World Health Organization) (1999) World Health report 1999: making a difference. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2000) World Health report 2000: health systems: improving performance. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (World Health Organization) (2001) Strategy on air quality and health occupational and environmental health protection of the human environment. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaya M, Sekizawa K, Khizuka S, Monma M, Mizuta K, Sasaki H (1998) Increased carbon monoxide in exhaled air of subjects with upper respiratory tract infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158(1):311–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yocom JE (1982) Indoor-outdoor air quality relationships: a critical review. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 32(5):500–520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zemp E et al (1999) Long-term ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms in adults (SAPALDIA study). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1257–1266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Jitendra Kumar Nagar & Raj Kumar

  2. Centre of Advanced Studies and Department of Geology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    J. P. Shrivastava

  3. MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College, Mahatma Gandhi Mission, Aurangabad, Maharahstra, India

    Geetanjali Kaushik

Authors
  1. Jitendra Kumar Nagar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Raj Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. P. Shrivastava
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Geetanjali Kaushik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jitendra Kumar Nagar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Nagar, J.K., Kumar, R., Shrivastava, J.P., Kaushik, G. (2019). Indoor Air Pollution Around Industrial Areas and Its Effect: A Case Study in Delhi City. In: Hussain, C. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Materials Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73645-7_158

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation