Skip to main content

Clinical Evaluation of Orofacial Pain

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
  • 5426 Accesses

Abstract

Pain felt in the head and neck can be very challenging for the treating clinician. There are so many possible diagnoses, all of which require specific treatments. Success can only be achieved by selecting the proper treatment for the pain condition. Therefore, differential diagnosis is the most critical element for being successful. Proper diagnosis can only be achieved by acquiring the needed information from the patient. This chapter reviews the essential elements of taking a detailed pain history and performing a thorough examination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   599.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   899.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agerberg G, Osterberg T. Maximal mandibular movements and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in 70-year old men and women. Sven Tandlak Tidskr. 1974;67(3):147–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bezuur JN, Habets LL, Hansson TL. The recognition of craniomandibular disorders – a comparison between clinical, tomographical, and dental panoramic radiographical findings in thirty-one subjects. J Oral Rehabil. 1988;15(6):549–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bitlar G. Range of jaw opening in a elderly non-patient population. J Dental Res. 1991;70(special issue):abstr# 1225, 419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burch JG. Occlusion related to craniofacial pain. In: Alling CC, Mahan PE, editors. Facial pain. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1977. p. 165–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chun DS, Koskinen-Moffett L. Distress, jaw habits, and connective tissue laxity as predisposing factors to TMJ sounds in adolescents. J Craniomandib Disord Facial Oral Pain. 1990;4:165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark GT. Diagnosis and treatment of painful temporomandibular disorders. Dent Clin N Am. 1987;31(4):645–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson PE. Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of occlusal problems. 2nd ed. St Louis: The CV Mosby Co; 1989. p. 28–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeBoever JA, Adriaens PA. Occlusal relationship in patients with pain-dysfunction symptoms in the temporomandibular joint. J Oral Rehabil. 1983;10:1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R: administration, scoring and procedures manual-II for the revised version. Towson: Clinical Psychometric Research; 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drum RK, Fornadley JA, Schnapf DJ. Malignant lesions presenting as symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction. J Orofac Pain. 1993;7:294–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Egermark-Eriksson I, Carlsson GE, Magnusson T. A long-term epidemiologic study of the relationship between occlusal factors and mandibular dysfunction in children and adolescents. J Dent Res. 1987;66(1):67–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Galan-Del-Rio F, Ortega-Santiago R, Jimenez-Garcia R, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P. Bilateral thermal hyperalgesia in trigeminal and extra-trigeminal regions in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders. Exp Brain Res. 2009;202:171–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fricton J, Nelson A, Monsein M. IMPATH:microcomputer assessment of behavioral and psychosocial factors in craniomandibular disorders. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1987;5:372–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost HM. Musculoskeletal pains. In: Alling CC, Mahan PE, editors. Facial pain. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1977. p. 140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gremillion HA. The relationship between occlusion and TMD: an evidence-based discussion. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2006;6(1):43–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardison JD, Okeson JP. Comparison of three clinical techniques for evaluating joint sounds. Cranio. 1990;8(4):307–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hesse JR, Naeije M, Hansson TL. Craniomandibular stiffness toward maximum mouth opening in healthy subjects: a clinical and experimental investigation. J Craniomandib Disord. 1990;4(4):257–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howard JA. Temporomandibular joint disorders, facial pain and dental problems of performing artists. In: Sataloff R, Brandfonbrener A, Lederman R, editors. Textbook of performing arts medicine. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 111–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirveskari P, Alanen P, Jamsa T. Association between craniomandibular disorders and occlusal interferences in children. J Prosthet Dent. 1992;67(5):692–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt SR, McKinney MW, Lundeen TF. The TMJ scale: cross-validation and reliability studies. Cranio. 1988;6(1):17–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manfredini D, Perinetti G, Guarda-Nardini L. Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(2):310–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarroll RS, et al. Mandibular border positions and their relationship with peripheral joint mobility. J Oral Rehabil. 1987;14:125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNamara Jr JA, Seligman DA, Okeson JP. Occlusion, Orthodontic treatment, and temporomandibular disorders: a review. J Orofac Pain. 1995;9(1):73–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P. Induction of neurasthenic musculoskeletal pain syndrome by selective sleep deprivation. Psychomatic Med. 1976;38:35–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moldofsky H, Scarisbrick P, England R, Smythe H. Musculosketal symptoms and non-REM sleep disturbance in patients with fibrositis syndrome and healthy subjects. Psychosom Med. 1975;37(4):341–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molony RR, MacPeek DM, Schiffman PL, et al. Sleep, sleep apnea, and the fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1986;13:797–800.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okeson JP. Chapter 9: History and examination for TMD. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2013a. p. 170–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okeson JP. Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion. 7th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2013b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saletu A, Parapatics S, Saletu B, Anderer P, Prause W, Putz H, et al. On the pharmacotherapy of sleep bruxism: placebo-controlled polysomnographic and psychometric studies with clonazepam. Neuropsychobiology. 2005;51(4):214–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E, Look J, Anderson G, Goulet JP, et al. Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) for clinical and research applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Groupdagger. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2014;28(1):6–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons’ myofascial pain and dysfunction: a trigger point manual. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solberg W. Occlusion-related pathosis and its clinical evaluation. Clinical dentistry. 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row Publishers; 1976. p. 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanne K, Tanaka E, Sakuda M. Association between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders in orthodontic patients before treatment. J Orofac Pain. 1993;7(2):156–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Travell J, Rinzler SH. The myofascial genesis of pain. Postgrad Med J. 1952;11:425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Travell JG, Simons DG. Myofascial pain and dysfunction. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk DC, Rudy TE. Toward a comprehensive assessment of chronic pain patients: a multiaxial approach. Behav Res Ther. 1987;25:237–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderas AP. Craniomandibular dysfunction in children. J Dental Child. 1992;59:342–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visscher CM, Naeije M, De Laat A, Michelotti A, Nilner M, Craane B, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of temporomandibular disorder pain tests: a multicenter study. J Orofac Pain. 2009;23(2):108–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wadhwa L, Utreja A, Tewari A. A study of clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction in subjects with normal occlusion, untreated, and treated malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1993;103(1):54–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westesson PL, Kurita K, Eriksson L, Katzberg RH. Cryosectional observations of functional anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989;68:247–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westesson PL, Eriksson L, Kurita K. Temporomandibular joint: variation of normal arthrographic anatomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;69(4):514–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey P. Okeson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Okeson, J.P., Moreno Hay, I. (2019). Clinical Evaluation of Orofacial Pain. In: Farah, C., Balasubramaniam, R., McCullough, M. (eds) Contemporary Oral Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72303-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72303-7_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-72301-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-72303-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics