Definitions
- Cradle-to-cradle:
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Cradle-to-cradle (C2C) is both a design and production approach that is used when targeting zero emissions and eco-efficiency (Braungart et al. 2007). The target of eco-efficiency and zero emissions is also aimed to minimize possible negative consequences of the production and consumption of the products. The C2C design approach offers a framework for creating products and production systems in various industrial sectors. In the C2C approach, the product design team needs to establish an eco-effective nutrient management plan that is used to describe and manage all material flows between all the actors in the production processes.
- Front-end innovation:
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The front-end innovation (FEI) phase comes before the more formal and well-structured new product and process development processes (Koen et al. 2001). At this stage, the innovation process can be chaotic due to unstructured and unpredictable activities that the product design team needs to tackle in the...
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Saari, U.A., Herstatt, C., Dlugoborskyte, V. (2021). Cradle-to-Cradle Front-End Innovation: Management of the Design Process. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A.M., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_143-1
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