Definition
- Societal Needs:
-
Any society, rural or city, small or large, has fundamental needs that need to be met if this society and its members is a healthy community, prospering, and being resilient. These needs include healthy and sufficient food (SDG 2), good shelter and housing for all (as part of SDFG 1), healthcare and a healthy environment (SDG 3), sufficient education for all (SDG 4), and a safe society for all (SDG 5 and SDG 16).
- Available Energy:
-
In a longer perspective, all available energy for humanity will be renewable again. The amount of renewable energy that can be harvested in a specific region depends on many factors. What can be harvested is usually summarized over a year, as this takes into account the dominating cycles and time frame for all kinds of harvesting activities. Available energy is here understood as the maximum amount of energy that can be safely harvested without endangering the long-term possibility to harvest in the future, i.e., without destroying...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Ansar A, Flyvbjerg B, Budzier A, Lunn D (2014) Should we build more large dams? The actual cost of hydropower megaproject development. Energy Policy 69:43–56
Bardi U (2016) What future for the anthropocene? A biophysical interpretation. Biophys Econ Resour Qual 1:2
Barnhart CJ, Dale M, Brandt AR, Benson SM (2013) The energetic implications of curtailing versus storing solar- and wind-generated electricity. Energy Environ Sci 6:2804–2810
Caroll AR (2015) Geofuels. Energy and the earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Coady D, Parry I, Sears L, Shang B (2015) How large are global energy subsidies? IMF working papers. International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15105.pdf
Curry JA, Webster PJ (1999) Thermodynamics of atmospheres and oceans. Academic, San Diego
Fizaine F, Court V (2014) Renewable electricity producing technologies and metal depletion: a sensitivity analysis using the EROI. Ecol Econ 110:106–118
Fizaine F, Court V (2016) Energy expenditure, economic growth, and the minimum EROI of society. Energy Policy 95:172–186
Fritsche U et al (2017) Energy and land use. Global land outlook working paper. United Nations. http://iinas.org/tl_files/iinas/downloads/land/IINAS_2017_UNCCD-IRENA_Energy-Land_paper.pdf
Fthenakis V, Frischknecht R, Raugei M et al (2011) Methodology guidelines on life cycle assessment of photovoltaic electricity. International Energy Agency. http://www.iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/report/technical/rep12_11.pdf
Hall CAS, Klitgard K (2018) Energy and the wealth of nations. Springer, Cham
Healy N, Stephens JC, Malin SA (2019) Enbodied energy injustices: Unveiling and politicizing the transboundary harms of fossil fuel extractivism and fossil fuels supply chains. Energy Researcha & Social Sciences 48:219–234
IEC 61400-1, Wind turbines – part 1: design requirements
IPCC (2018) Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
IPCC (2019) Climate change and land. An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/
Jaffe RL, Taylor W (2018) The physics of energy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Kleidon A (2016) Thermodynamic foundations of the earth system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Linow S (2019) Energie - Klima - Ressourcen. Quantitative Methoden zur Lösungsbewertung von Energiesystemen. Hanser, München
Makarieva AM, Gorshkov VG, Li B-L (2013) Revisiting forest impact on atmospheric water vapor transport and precipitation. Theor Appl Climatol 111:79–96
McGlade C, Ekins P (2015) The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 °C. Nature 517:187–190
Mitscherlich EA (1909) Das Gesetz des Minimums und das Gesetz des abnehmenden Bodenertrages. Landwirtschaftliche Jahrbücher: Zeitschr. für d. wissenschaftl. Landbau 38:537–552
Moriarty P, Honnery P (2016) Can renewable energy power the future? Energy Policy 93:3–7
Murphy DJ, Carbajales-Dale M, Moeller D (2016) Comparing apples to apples: why the net energy analysis community needs to adopt the life-cycle analysis framework. Energies 9:917
Narbel PA, Hansen JP, Lien RR (2014) Energy technologies and economics. Springer, Heidelberg
Pearce JM (2009) Optimizing greenhouse gas mitigation strategies to suppress energy cannibalism. In: 2nd climate change technology conference, Hamilton
Ramankutty N, Evan AT, Monfreda C, Foley JA (2008) Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 22:GB1003
Rao ND, Min J, Mastrucci A (2019) Energy requirements for decent living in India, Brazil and South Africa. Nat Energy 4:1025–1032
Raugei M, Sgouridis S, Murphy D et al (2017) Energy Return on Energy Invested (ERoEI) for photovoltaic solar systems in regions of moderate insolation: a comprehensive response. Energy Policy 102:377–384
Rothman DH (2017) Thresholds of catastrophe in the earth system. Sci Adv 3:e1700906
Rühle S (2016) Tabulated values of the Shockley–Queisser limit for single junction solar cells. Sol Energy 130:139
Schmitt RJP, Kittner N, Kondolf GM et al (2019) Deploy diverse renewables to save tropical rivers. Nature 569:330–332
Sgouridis S, Csala D, Bardi U (2016) The sower’s way: quantifying the narrowing net-energy pathways to a global energy transition. Environ Res Lett 11:1–8
Shill GH (2019) Should law subsidize driving? https://ssrn.com/abstract=3345366
Smil V (2016) Still the Iron Age: iron and steel in the modern world. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Smil V (2017) Energy and civilization. A history. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J et al (2015) Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet. Science 347:736–746
Steffen W, Rockström N, Richardson K et al (2018) Trajectories of the earth system in the anthropocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:8252–8259
Stephens GL, Li J, Wild M et al (2012) An update on Earth’s energy balance in light of the latest global observations. Nat Geosci 5:691–696
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Linow, S. (2020). Available Energy: Powering the Energetic and Societal Needs of Sustainable Communities. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Özuyar, P., Wall, T. (eds) Affordable and Clean Energy. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_80-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_80-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71057-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71057-0
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences