Synonyms
Hamman-Rich disease
Definition
Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) is an idiopathic interstitial pneumonia characterized by abrupt disease onset and rapid progression leading to respiratory failure. It was originally described in the 1930s by Hamman and Rich as a fulminant diffuse interstitial fibrosis (Hamman and Rich 1935). Characteristically, patients are previously healthy adults that present following a 7–14-day prodromal upper respiratory tract illness. There is no association with smoking history. On chest X-ray, patients with AIP have diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates; however higher-resolution computed tomography scans reveal the infiltrates to be patchy and more prominent in the dependent portions of the lungs. Pathologically, the features are indistinguishable from those of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/diffuse alveolar damage(DAD). The etiology of AIP is unknown; however, the major pathway of lung injury is thought to be mediated by neutrophils...
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References and Further Reading
Hamman, L., & Rich, A. R. (1935). Fulminating diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 51, 154.
Inoue, A., Saijo, Y., Maemondo, M., Gomi, K., Tokue, Y., Kimura, Y., Ebina, M., Kikuchi, T., Moriya, T., & Nukiwa, T. (2003). Severe acute interstitial pneumonia and gefitinib. Lancet, 361, 137–139.
Katzenstein, A.-L. (2006). Katzenstein and Askin’s surgical pathology of non-neoplastic lung diseases (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier.
King, T. E. (2010). Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich syndrome). In K. R. Flaherty & H. Hollingsworth (Eds.), UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate.
Liu, V., White, D. A., Zakowski, M. F., Travis, W., Kris, M. G., Ginsberg, M. S., Miller, V. A., & Azzoli, C. G. (2007). Pulmonary toxicity associated with erlotinib. Chest, 132, 1042–1044.
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Sholl, L.M., Chirieac, L.R. (2018). Acute Interstitial Pneumonia. In: Cagle, P.T., Kerr, K.M. (eds) Pulmonary Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69263-0_397
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69263-0_397
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