Abstract
Different manmade problems in the environment occur during a change in the balance in an ecosystem when different chemical compounds, such as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), textile dyes, heavy metals, and dioxins are added. These compounds affect the growth and development of microorganisms and plants, and seriously harm the health of animals and humans. Some of these compounds may disrupt the normal function of the central nervous system, cause changes in the blood content, and adversely affect the function of lungs, kidneys, liver, and other organs. The long-term action of chemical compounds may cause the development of cancer, allergy, dystrophy, physical and neurological degenerative processes, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson's. At the same time, fertilizers, pesticides, and sewage from industrial plants contaminate soil and water. Many physicochemical methods of treating chemical compounds of wastewater are available, but these methods are constrained because of their limited versatility, high cost, low efficiency, and interference from another wastewater constituent. These physicochemical methods also produce large quantities of sludge, posing a threat as a secondary pollutant. However, biological methods are available that are eco-friendly and completely mineralize organic pollutants. These methods have a wide range of applications, low running costs, effect complete mineralization of chemical compounds to nontoxic compounds, and are eco-friendly. They are dependent on microorganisms used in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, such as bacteria and fungi, algae, and other organisms present in the environment, and phytoremediation is a technology that should be considered for the remediation of contaminated sites because of its cost effectiveness, aesthetic advantages, and long-term applicability. This technology can be applied to metal pollutants that are amenable to phytostabilization, phytoextraction, phytotransformation, rhizosphere bioremediation, or phytoextraction.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Kvesitadze G, Khatisashvili G, Sadunishvili T, Ramsden JJ (2006) Biochemical mechanisms of detoxification in higher plants basis of phytoremediation. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 1–25
Korte F, Kvesitadze G, Ugrekhelidze D, Gordeziani M, Khatisashvili G, Buadze O, Zaalishvili G, Coulston F (2000) Review: organic toxicants and plants. EcotoxicoI Environ Saf 47:1–26
AI-Jawhari IH (2001) Effect of insecticide diazinon on some soil fungi in vitro. J AI-Qadisiya 6:63–77
AI-Jawhari IH (2015) Comparative study to determined the effect of diazinon and vapona on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J BioI Phar Allied Sci 4(6):4214–4224
Nitschke L, Walk A, Schossler W, Metzner G, Lind G (1999) Biodegradation in laboratory activated sludge plants and aquatic toxicity of herbicides. Chem J 39:2313–2323
AI-Jawhari IH (1998) A study of fate herbicide propanil in rice field at AI-Qadisiya governorate and its effect on some water and soil microorganisms. PhD thesis, AI-Mustansiriya University, Iraq
AI-Jawhari IH (2016) Fate of herbicide granstar (Tribenuron Methyl) in wheat field in AI-Nasiriya governorate. Int Res J BioI Sci 5(8):22–37
Fellenberg G (1990) Chemie der Umweltbelastung. Teubner, Stuttgart
Curfs DM, Beckers L, Godschalk RW, Gijbels MJ, van Schooten FJ (2003) Modulation of plasma lipid levels affects benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage in tissues of two hyperlipidemic mouse models. Environ Mol Mut 42:243–249
Trenk T, Sandermann H (1978) Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum hortense, Hoffm.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) Planta 141:245–251
Durmishidze S, Devdariani T, Kakhniashvili C, Buadze O (1988) Biotransformation of xenobiotics in plants (in Russian). Metsniereba, Tbilisi
Trust BA, Muller JG, Goffin RB, Gifuentes LA (1995) Biodegradation of fluoranthrene as monitored using stable carbon isotopes. In: Hinchee RE, Douglas GS, Ong SK (eds) Monitoring and verification of bioremediation. Battelle Press, Columbus, pp 223–239
Selifonov SA, Chapman PJ, Akkerman SB, Gurst JE, Bortiatynski JM, Nanny MA, Hatcher PG (1998) Use of 13C nuclear magnetic resonance to assess fossil fuel degradation: fate of [1-13C] acenaphthene in creosote polycylic aromatic compound mixtures degraded by bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:1447–1453
AI-Jawhari IH (2016) Bioremediation of anthracene by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium funiculosum. Int Res J BioI Sci 5(6):1–13
Zollinger H (1987) Synthetic properties and applications of organic dyes and pigments. Color chemistry. VCH Publisher, New York, pp 92–102
Dong Y, Bin LU, Shuying Z, Jingxiang Z, Xiaoguang W, Qinghai C (2011) Removal of methylene blue from coloured effluents by adsorption onto SBA-15. Chem Technol Biotechnol 86(4):616–619
Hazrat H (2010) Biodegradation of synthetic dyes: a review. Water Air Soil Pollut 213:251–273
Banat IM, Nigam P, McMullan G, Marchant R, Singh D (1996) Microbial decolorization of textile dye containing effluents: a review. Biosour Technol 58:217–227
Du LN, Wang S, Li G, Wang B, Jia XM, Zhao YH, Chen YL (2011) Biodegradation of malachite green by Pseudomonas sp. Strain DYI under aerobic condition: characteristics, degradation products, enzyme analysis and phytotoxicity. Ecotoxicology 20(2):438–446
Pandey A, Singh P, Iyengar L (2007) Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes. Int Biodeter Biodeg 59(2):73–84
Forgacs E, Cserhati T, Oros G (2004) Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review. Environ Int 30:953–971
Zho Y, Min Y, Qiao H, Huang Q, Wang E, Ma T (2015) Improved removal of malachite green from aqueous solution using chemically modified cellulose by anhydride. J BioI MacromoI 74:271–277
Chowdhury S, Mishra R, Saha P, Kushwaha P (2011) Adsorption the rmodynamics, kinctics and isosteric heat of adsorption of malachite green onto chemically modified rice husk. Desalination 265:159–168
Srivastava S, Sinha R, Roy D (2004) Toxicological effects of malachite green. Aquatic Toxicol 66:319–329
Tang W, Jia R, Zhang D (2011) Decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes by Schizophyllum sp. F17 in anoval system. Desalination 265:22–27
Jalandoni-Buan AC, Decena-Soliven ALA, Cao EP, Barraquio VL, Barraquio WL (2009) Congo red decolorizing activity under microcosm and decolorization of other dyes by Congo red decolorizing bacteria. Phillip J Sci 138:125–132
Tapalad T, Neramittagapong A, Neramittagapong S, Boonmee M (2008) Degradation of Congo red dye by ozonation. Chiang Mai J Sci 35:63–68
Fu Y, Viraraghavan T (2001) Fungal decolorization of dye wastewater: a review. Bioresour Technol 79:251–262
Dos Santos AZ, Neto JMC, Tavares CRG, da Costa MG (2004) Screening of filamentous fungi for the decolorization of a commercial reactive dye. J Basic Microbiol 44:288–295
Hsu TS, Bartha R (1976) Hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable 3,4-dichloroanil- iline humus complexes and their respective rates of biodegradation. J Agric Food Chem 24:118–122
El-Rahim WMA, Moawad H (2003) Enhancing bioremoval of textile dyes by eight fungal strains from media supplemented with gelatin wastes and sucrose. J Basic Microbiol 43:367–375
Jin XC, Liu GQ, Xu ZH, Tao WY (2007) Decolorization of a dye industry effluent by Aspergillus fumigatus XC6. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:239–243
Ambrosio ST, Campos–Takaki GM (2004) Decolorization of reactive azo dyes by Cunninghamella elegans UCP 542 under cometabolic conditions. Bioresour Technol 91:69–75
AI-Jawhari IH (2015) Decolorization of methylene blue and crystal violet by some filamentous fungi. Int J Envirom Bioremd Biodeg 3(2):62–65
Glanze WD (1996) Mosby medical encyclopedia, Revised edn. Mosby, St Louis
ATSDR (2000) Toxicological profile for arsenic. Final Report. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NTIS Accession No PB2000–108021 Atlanta
Sun GF, Pi JB, Li B, Guo XY, Yamavchi H, Yoshida T (2000) Introduction of present arsenic research in China. Paper presented at 4th International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects. Soc Geochem and Health, San Diego
IARC (1987) IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity. IARC, Lyon
Rusin VY (1988) Lead and its compounds. In: Filov VA (ed) Harmful chemical substances (in Russian). Khimiya, Leningrad, pp 415–436
AI-Jawhari IH (2014) Effect of lead acetate on the mycelia growth of some fungi isolated from the soil of Thiqar governorate fields – Iraq. J Kerbala Uni 12(1):108–116
Cohen SM (2001) Lead poisoning: a summary of treatment and prevention. Pediatr Nurs 27:125–130
Goyer RA (1996) Toxic effects of metals: mercury. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: the basic science of poisons, 5th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
Roberts JR (1999) Metal toxicity in children. In: Training manual on pediatric environmental health: putting it into practice. Children’s Environmental Health Network. Emeryville. http://www.cehn.org/cehn/trainingmanual/pdf/ manual-full.pdf
Korte F, Behadir M, Klein W, Lay JP, Parlar H, Sceunert I (1992) Lehrbuch der ökologischen Chemie. Grundlagen und Konzepte fur die ökologische. Beurteilung von Chemikalien. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart/New York
AI-Jawhari IH (2000) Effect of cadmium chloride on some soil fungi. J AI-qadisiya 5(1):133–143
Commoner B (1994) The political history of dioxin. Keynote address at the 2nd citizens conference on dioxin. St. Louis. http://www.greens.org/s-r/078/07- 03.html
Bunge M, Adrian L, Kraus A, Opel M, Lorenz WG, Andreesen JR, Görisch H, Lechner U (2003) Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated dioxins by an anaerobic bacterium. Nature 421:357–360
Mitsevich EV, Mitsevich IP, Pereligin VV, Lan DN, Hoiya NT (2000) Microorganisms as potential indicators of integral dioxin defoliant pollutions of soils. Appl Biochem Microbiol 36:582–588
Harner T, Bidleman TF, Jantunen LMM, Mackay D (2001) Soil-air exchange model of persistent pesticides in the US cotton belt. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1612–1621
Miller D (1978) Models for total transport. In: Butler GC (ed) Principles of ecotoxicology. Wiley, New York/Chichester, pp 71–90
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
AI-Jawhari, I.F.H. (2019). Degradation of Pollutants Using Advanced Ecomaterials. In: MartĂnez, L., Kharissova, O., Kharisov, B. (eds) Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68254-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68255-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering