Skip to main content

Socialist Citizenship in the Post-socialist Era Across Time and Space: A Closer Look at Cuba and Vietnam

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter examines the construction and cultivation of socialist citizenship as a top-down national citizenship project that promotes collective political identities in Cuba and Vietnam. Focusing on the post-socialist era, it highlights how the meanings of socialist citizenship have continued to evolve in the educational contexts of each country since the collapse of the former Soviet Union. The chapter compares the ways in which Cuban and Vietnamese citizens, particularly young generations, as constituents of a political community are socialized and engaged in state-sponsored political and civic activities. The implementation aspect of the socialist citizenship ideals uncovers the increasing challenges that citizenship education faces and the complexities of changing citizen identities in each national context. The chapter also provides an analysis of existing research on the transnational factors that may have shaped the development and current direction of socialist citizenship in Cuba and Vietnam.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Báez, A. C. (2004). State resistance to globalisation in Cuba. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blum, D. F. (2011). Cuban youth and revolutionary values: Educating the new socialist citizen. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blum, D., Smith, R., & Dawley-Carr, J. R. (2017). Towards being a “good Cuban”: Socialist citizenship education in a globalized context. In S. Choo, D. Sawch, A. Villanueva, & R. Vinz (Eds.), Educating for the 21st century (pp. 281–296). Singapore: Springer Singapore.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Breidlid, A. (2007). Education in Cuba—an alternative educational discourse: lessons to be learned? Compare, 37(5), 617–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bui, T. H. (2016). The influence of social media in Vietnam’s elite politics. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 35(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunck, J. M. (1994). Fidel Castro and the quest for a Revolutionary Culture in Cuba. University Park, PA.: Pennsylvania State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunck, J. M. (1996) Market-Oriented Marxism: Post–Cold War Transition in Cuba and Vietnam. Cuban Studies, 26, 35–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnoy, M., & Samoff, J. (1990). Education and social transition in the Third World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dang, V. C. L. (2008). Một số chỉ báo về định hướng giá trị của sinh viên các trường Đại học hiện nay [A number of indicators on values orientation of college students]. Journal of Psychology, 106(1), 42–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Varona, F. (1992). Education in a democratic Cuba. In L. Adolfo (Ed.), Cuba’s transition to democracy: Lessons from the former Soviet Bloc. Miami: Cuban American National Foundation, Endowment for Cuban American Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doan, H. D. (2005). Moral education or political education in the Vietnamese educational system? Journal of Moral Education, 34(4), 451–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duong, H. B. (2015). Examining the relation between “socialization” practices and the quality of primary school student learning in Vietnam (Working Paper No. 73). Oxford, UK: PERI/Young Lives.

    Google Scholar 

  • Education in Revolutionary Vietnam: The New Socialist Person. (1978). Journal of Contemporary Asia, 8(2), 299–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472337885390231.

  • Fernandez, D. J. (1993). Youth in Cuba: Resistance and accommodation. In E. A. Baloyra & J. A. Morris (Eds.), Conflict and change in Cuba (pp. 189–211). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederik, L. A. (2005). Cuba’s national characters: Setting the stage for the Hombre Novísimo. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 10(2), 401–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gasperini, L. (2000). The Cuban education system: Lessons and dilemmas (No. 20966). Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office: World Bank, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapcia, A. (2005). Educational revolution and revolutionary morality in Cuba: The ‘New Man’, youth and the new ‘Battle of Ideas’. Journal of Moral Education, 34(4), 399–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinen, J. (2015). Vietnam: one-party state and the mimicry of civil society. Research Institute on Contemporary Southeast Asia (IRASEC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lancaster, I., & Sanyal, A. (2012). Teaching ‘Valores’ in Cuba: A conversation among teacher educators. In T. G. Griffiths & Z. Millei (Eds.), Logics of socialist education: Engaging with crisis, insecurity and uncertainty (pp. 37–52). Springer Science and Business Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laymon, S. E. (1999). Political transitions and the uses of public education: Universal schooling in Cuba and Peru. Ph.D., The University of Chicago, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le, H. M. (2016). In search of modernity: implementing Vietnam Escuela Nueva. Senior Honors Thesis, Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • London, J. D. (2011). Education in Vietnam. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • London, J. D. (2014). In J. D. London (Ed.), Politics in contemporary Vietnam: party, state and authority relations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lucius, C. (2009). Vietnam’s political process: How education shapes political decision making. London; New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutjens, S. (1996). The state, bureaucracy, and the Cuban schools: Power and participation. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malott, C. (2007). Cuban education in neo-liberal times: Socialist revolutionaries and state capitalism. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 5(1), n1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. L. (1991). Youth and the Cuban Revolution: notes on the road traversed and its perspectives. Latin American Perspectives, 18(2), 95–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medin, T. (1990). Cuba, the shaping of Revolutionary Consciousness. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Pub.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mtonga, H. L. (1993). Comparing the role of education in serving socioeconomic and political development in Tanzania and Cuba. Journal of Black Studies, 23(3), 382–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Napier, N. K., & Vuong, Q. H. (2013). What we see, why we worry, why we hope: Vietnam going forward. Boise, ID: Boise State University CCI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, L. P. (2005). Educational stratification in Viet Nam during the evolution and devolution of socialism. Ph.D., University of Washington, Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, P. A. (2006). State-society relations in contemporary Vietnam: An examination of the arena of youth. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 47(3), 327–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H. (2015). The conceptualization and representations of adolescence in Vietnamese media during the “Reform Era” of Vietnam (1986–1995). Journal of Family History, 40(2), 172–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, X. N., & Nguyen, T. H. (2014). Tìm hiểu hệ thống giá trị được chuyển tải qua sách giáo khoa giáo dục đạo đức, giáo dục công dân của bậc học phổ thông ở Việt Nam và việc nhận thức, vai trò của một số chủ thể xã hội đối với nội dung chương trình [An investigation into the values system transmitted through Vietnam’s citizenship education textbooks and actors’ perceptions of citizenship education]. Ho Chi Minh City: Institutional research, IRED.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H. H., & Pham, M. Q. (2016). Democratization in Vietnam’s post-Doi Moi one-party rule: Change from within, change from the bottom to the top, and possibilities. In C. B. Wungaeo, B. Rehbein, & S. Wun’gaeo (Eds.), Globalization and democracy in Southeast Asia: Challenges, responses and alternative futures (pp. 131–155). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, L. A. (1999). On becoming Cuban: identity, nationality and culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pham, M. H., & Thai, D. T. (2011). Định hướng giá trị con người Việt Nam thời kỳ đổi mới và hội nhập [Values orientation for Vietnamese people in the time of transition and global integration]. Hanoi: The National Politics-Truth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phan, L. H., McPherron, P., & Phan, V. Q. (2011). English language teachers as moral guides in Vietnam and China: Maintaining and re-traditionalizing morality. In J. Ryan (Ed.), Education reform in China: Changing concepts, contexts and practices (pp. 132–157). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pintado, A. C. P. (2005). Religion and Cuban identity in a transnational context. Latin American Perspectives, 32(1), 147–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, M. (1990). Revolution, reform and constant improvement: 30 years of educational change in Cuba. Compare, 20(2), 101–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, S., & Marr, D. (1999). Chinese and Vietnamese youth in the 1990s. In A. Chan, B. J. Kerkvliet, & J. Unger (Eds.), Transforming Asian socialism: China and Vietnam compared (pp. 176–203). Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosendahl, M. (1997). Inside the revolution: everyday life in socialist Cuba. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salomon, M., & Vu, D. K. (2007). Ðoi moi, education and identity formation in contemporary Vietnam. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 37(3), 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920701330222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sant, E., & Valencia, G. G. (2018). Global citizenship education in Latin America. In A. Peterson, G. Stahl, & H. Soong (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of global citizenship and education (pp. 67–82). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Silova, I. (2010). Post-socialism is not dead:(Re) reading the global in comparative education (International Perspectives on Education and Society) (Vol. 14, pp. 1–24). Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. M. (2003). Stories of peoplehood: The politics and morals of political membership. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. M. (2004). Identities, interests, and the future of political science. Perspectives on Politics, 2(02). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592704040174.

  • Smith, R. (2016). Education, Citizenship, and Cuban Identity. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, P. (2004). Social inequality in Vietnam and the challenges to reform. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thai, D. T. (1995). Nghiên cứu con người Việt Nam: Các quan điểm và phương pháp tiếp cận [Studying the Vietnamese people: perspectives and approaches]. Chương trình KHCN cấp nhà nước KX-07. Hanoi: National Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, C. A. (2003). Current dynamics of Vietnamese society and external challenges (p. 49). Presented at the conference on sustainable development in Vietnam, Mariland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasavakul, T. (1994). Schools and politics in South and North Viet Nam: A comparative study of state apparatus, state policy, and state power (1945-1965). (Volumes I and II). Ph.D., Cornell University, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallengren, A. (2017). “I Try to be Modern”–Identity formation between tradition and modernity among young women in Hanoi (Master‘s thesis). Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hang B. Duong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Duong, H.B., Phan, LH. (2018). Socialist Citizenship in the Post-socialist Era Across Time and Space: A Closer Look at Cuba and Vietnam. In: Peterson, A., Stahl, G., Soong, H. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Citizenship and Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67905-1_25-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67905-1_25-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-67905-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-67905-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education

Publish with us

Policies and ethics