Historical Background
Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily are binary switches that, by cycling between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformations, regulate a wide variety of cellular and developmental events. They are grouped based on the sequence homology and cellular functions into five families: Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab, and ARF. The Rho and ARF family small GTPases are well established as regulators of cellular actin rearrangements and vesicular trafficking (Bos et al. 2007). Small GTPases are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which catalyze the exchange of small GTPase-bound GDP to GTP, whereas GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) inactivate small GTPases by stimulating hydrolysis of the small GTPase-bound GTP to GDP (Bos et al. 2007). In general, each small GTPase family has its specific GEFs and...
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Owens, SE., Tamaddon-Jahromi, S., Kanamarlapudi, V. (2018). ARAP3. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_611
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