Synonyms
Historical Background
Adenylyl cyclase (AC) is the enzyme (EC 4.6.1.1) that converts Mg-ATP to adenosine 3′:5′ monophosphate or cyclic AMP and pyrophosphate first reported in 1958 by Sutherland and Rall. Eventually, a membrane-delimited biochemical cascade (Fig. 1) was discovered as the molecular machinery of signal transduction by cell surface receptors via heterotrimeric G proteins (Antoni 2000). The era of gene cloning revealed an unexpectedly complex structure of membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase: a single large polypeptide chain that crosses the plasma membrane 12 times, the catalytic core being formed between two structurally homologous cytoplasmic domains (C1a and C2a) held together by noncovalent interactions (Fig. 2). The crystal structures of these domains in complex with Gsα and the likely mechanisms underlying catalysis have been reported (Tesmer and Sprang 1998). There are nine genes encoding...
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Antoni, F.A. (2018). ADCY9 (Adenylyl Cyclase 9). In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_140
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_140
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