Historical Background
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases which are capable of degrading all extracellular matrix (ECM) components as well as process a variety of non-ECM substrates. They are responsible for physiological and pathological tissue remodeling. They are expressed in neutrophils, endothelial cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes (Fanjul-Fernández et al. 2010; Iyer et al. 2012).
In 1962, Woessner demonstrated a protein enzyme in mammalian uterus that could degrade collagen. Later on Jerome Gross and Charles Lapiere identified a matrix metalloproteinase using a biochemical approach in which they showed collagenolytic activity in the skin, gut, and gills of the tadpole during metamorphosis. Later the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology designated the family with a unique name...
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Swain, N., Pathak, J., Patel, S., Hosalkar, R.M. (2018). MMP-9. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_102000
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